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There are 28 (mostly Chadic) languages spoken as first languages in Borno State. Many of
them are endangered due to the influence of Hausa and Kanuri. Major languages of Borno
State are Shuwa Arabic, Kanuri, and Marghi. Some languages are spoken across the border in
neighbouring Chad and Cameroon.
| AFADE | Ngala LGA |
| ARABIC, SHUWA | Dikwa, Konduga, Ngala, and Bama LGAs can be regarded as residential areas, but Shuwa range widely across Borno and Yobe States on transhumance |
| BUDUMA | on islands in Lake Chad |
| BURA-PABIR | Biu and Askira/Uba LGA's |
| CIBAK | Damboa LGA |
| CINENI | Gwoza LGA, Cineni village |
| DERA | Biu LGA |
| DGHWEDE | Gwoza LGA |
| GA'ANDA | Biu LGA |
| GEVOKO | Gwoza LGA |
| GLAVDA | Gwoza LGA |
| GUDE | Askira/Uba LGA |
| GUDUF | Gwoza LGA, mainly in Gava, Cikide and Guduf |
| JARA | Biu and Kwaya-Kusar LGA's |
| JILBE | Jilbe town, on the border of Cameroon across from the town of Dabanga |
| KANURI | Bama, Kaga, Konduga, Kukawa, Maiduguri, Monguno, Ngala, and Gwoza LGA's |
| LAGWAN | Dikwa and Ngala LGA's |
| LAMANG | Gwoza LGA |
| MAFA | Gwoza LGA |
| MARGHI | Askira/Uba and Damboa LGA's |
| MPADE | |
| NGGWAHYI | Askira/Uba LGA |
| PUTAI | Damboa LGA |
| TEDAGA | northeastern LGA's, a few villages |
| TERA | Kwaya-Kusar LGA |
| WAJA | Gwoza LGA |
| WANDALA/MALGWA | Damboa, Bama, Gwoza, and Konduga LGA's |
| XEDI | Gwoza LGA |
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Department of Languages and Linguistics
Faculty of Arts
University of Jos