Sources:

African American Greek-letter Organizations

Giddings, Paula. In Search of Sisterhood: Delta Sigma Theta and the Challenge of the Black Sorority Movement. New York: Quill. 1988.pp. 74-76.

Hubbard, Philip. New Dawns: A 150-Year Look at Human Rights at the University of Iowa. The Sequicentennial Committee. 1996.

Jenkins, Herbert. The Negro Students at the University of Iowa: A Sociological Study. Unpublished master's thesis. The University of Iowa, Iowa City. 1933.

Alpha Phi Alpha. ; Alpha Kappa Alpha.; Delta Sigma Theta.; and Kappa Alpha Psi. Organizational Files. The University of Iowa Archives. Iowa City, Iowa.

Samuel Joe Brown and Sue Brown

Primary Sources:

Ltrs. from S.J. Brown to Bertha Shambaugh, April 8, 1940 and April19, 1941. Benjamin and Bertha Shambaugh Papers. The Unversity of Iowa Archives. Iowa City, Iowa.

Ltrs. from S. J. Brown to Esther Walls , April 1, 1949 and November 12, 1949. Esther J. Walls Papers. Iowa Women's Archives. Iowa City, Iowa.

Iowa Association of Colored Women's Club Papers. State Historical Society of Iowa. Des Moines, Iowa.

NAACP Des Moines Chapter Papers. State Historical Society of Iowa. Des Moines, Iowa.

Newspapers:

Iowa Bystander. Issues from 1894-1950( Microfilm). State Historical Society of Iowa. Iowa City, Iowa.

Secondary Sources:

Annals of Iowa: Origin of the Department of Public Instruction. Des Moines, IA: Iowa StateDepartment of History and Archives. Vol. 30. no. 6 October 1950.pp. 471-472. and Vol. 45. no. 6, Fall 1980. pp.439-461.

The Iowa History Teacher. Iowa Department of Public Instruction. April 1985.pp. 14-15.

Hubbard, Philip. New Dawns: A 150-Year Look at Human Rights at the University of Iowa. The Sequicentennial Committee. 1996.

Alexander Clark, Jr. and Sr.

Newspapers:

"AG Clark Had Compiled a History of Negro Masonry " and "AG Clark is Laid to Rest" Iowa Bystander. Issues from 1893-1939. ( Microfilm). State Historical Society of Iowa. Iowa City, Iowa. July 6, 1939 and July 13, 1939.

Secondary Sources:

Bergmann, Leola Nelson. The Negro in Iowa. Iowa City, State Historical Society of Iowa, 1969.

"Clark's Admission to the Iowa Bar " Annals of Iowa: Origin of the Department of Public Instruction. Des Moines, IA: Iowa StateDepartment of History and Archives.p. 89.

Hubbard, Philip. New Dawns: A 150-Year Look at Human Rights at the University of Iowa. The Sequicentennial Committee. 1996.

Jackson, Marilyn. "Alexander Clark: A Rediscovered Black Leader." The Iowan Vol. 23 no. 3 Spring 1975. pp. 43-52.

The Harper Family

Primary Sources:

Harry D. Harper Papers. Archives. TheUniversity of Iowa, Iowa City.

Virginia Harper Papers. Iowa Women's Archives. The University of Iowa. Iowa City.

Lois-Ann Eichaker Papers. Iowa Women's Archives. The University of Iowa. Iowa City.

Iowa Association of Colored Women's Club

Primary Sources:

Iowa Association of Colored Women's Club Papers. State Historical Society of Iowa. Des Moines, Iowa.

Jenkins, Herbert. The Negro Students at the University of Iowa: A Sociological Study. Unpublished master's thesis. The University of Iowa, Iowa City. 1933.

Newspapers:

Iowa Bystander. Issues from 1908-1950. ( Microfilm). State Historical Society of Iowa. Iowa City, Iowa.

Secondary Sources:

Hubbard, Philip. New Dawns: A 150-Year Look at Human Rights at the University of Iowa. The Sequicentennial Committee. 1996.

Ihle, Elizabeth. ed. " A Home for Black Women at the University of Iowa 1908-1929" . Black Women in Higher Education. New York: Garland Publishing Inc. 1992.

Adah Hyde Johnson

Primary Sources:

Ltr. from S. J. Brown to Esther Walls , April 1, 1949. Esther J. Walls Papers. Iowa Women's Archives. Iowa City, Iowa.

Interview with Adah Hyde-Johnson. "A Memorable Page in Iowa's Black History" in The Des Moines Register, November 20, 1977. p. 4E.

Adah Hyde Johnson. Alumni Vertile File. The University of Iowa Archives. Iowa City, Iowa.

Secondary Sources:

Giddings, Paula. In Search of Sisterhood: Delta Sigma Theta and the Challenge of the Black Sorority Movement. New York: Quill. 1988.pp. 74-76.

Elizabeth Catlett Mora

Secondary Sources:

Hubbard, Philip. New Dawns: A 150-Year Look at Human Rights at the University of Iowa. The Sequicentennial Committee. 1996.pp. 24-25.

Lanker, Bryan. I Dream a World. New York: Stewart, Tabori & Chang 1989. p. 122.

Lewis, Samella. The Art of Elizabeth Catlett. Claremont, CA: Hancraft Studios. 1984.

Laurence C. Jones

Primary Sources:

Ltr. from Laurence C. Jones to Benjamin and Bertha Shambaugh. October 29, 1936. Benjamin and Bertha Shambaugh Papers. Unversity of Iowa Archives. Iowa City, Iowa.

Grace Morris Jones Papers. Iowa Women's Archives. The University of Iowa. Iowa City.

Laurence C. Jones. Alumni Vertical File. The University of Iowa Archives. Iowa City, Iowa.

Secondary Sources:

Purcell, Leslie Harper. Miracle in Mississippi: Laurence C. Jones of Piney Woods. New York, Comet Press Books .1956.

Frederick W. Slater

Primary Sources:

Frederick W. Slater. Alumni Vertical Files. The University of Iowa Archives. Iowa City, Iowa.

Secondary Sources:

Peterson, James A. Slater of Iowa. Chicago, Hinkley, & Schmitt. 1958. University of Iowa Archives. Iowa City, Iowa.

Chalk, Ocania. Black College Sport. New York: Dodd, Mead, & Company. 1976. pp. 151, 176-183, 184, 315.

Esther J. Walls

Primary Sources:

Esther Walls Papers. Iowa Women's Archives. The University of Iowa. Iowa City.