The Boer War and Imperial Expansion

Rudyard Kipling

• "The White Man's Burden" 1899

Race

• J. R. Seeley
• The Expansion of England 1883
• Anglo-Saxon Culture

Eugenics

• Karl Pearson
• National Life from the Standpoint of Science 1900
• Social Darwinism
• Biological Racism
• Eugenics: soldiers and slums

Missionaries

• 1916: 8000 from Britain/58% female
• Depictions of non-western peoples
• Goals of missionaries
• Civilization?
• Indigeneous Christianity
  • "The euthanasia of the mission"
• Non-white staff: 42,880
• Race

DEFENSIVE ALLIANCES

• FRANCO-PRUSSIAN WAR 1870
• GERMAN EMPIRE 1871
  • BISMARCK
  • WAR ON TWO FRONTS
• RUSSIA--FRANCE 1894

NEW IMPERIALISM

• SUEZ CANAL
• FRANCE 1869
• BRITISH SHARE 1875

The Scramble for Africa

• Lord Kitchener
• Sudan--1898. Revenge for Gordon
• SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA

Boer War 1899-1902

• The Boers
• Transvaal
• First Boer War 1881
• 1880s Gold Rush
• Paul Kruger--pm

Joseph Chamberlain

• Colonial Secretary 1895
• Cape Province
• Cecil Rhodes--pm
• Jameson Raid--New Year's Day 1897

Transvaal Parliament Declares War 1899

• Supply problems
• Guerilla war
• Mausers
• Relief of Mafeking 1900

Khaki Election of 1900

• Pro-Boers
• David Lloyd George
• Concentration Camps
• Treaty 1902
• Arthur Balfour PM
• Britain's diplomatic isolation
• Conservative leadership?

What were some of the ways in which racial hierarchies were justified in the late nineteenth century?

How was the "scramble for Africa" related to broader struggles over "the balance of power"?

Why were the "pro-Boers" so unpopular?