Whigs

• Reform in order to preserve

Tories

• Defend Britain's institutions
• Monarchy
• Aristocracy
• Established Church

Reform from above: participation

Reform Bill of 1832

• Urban male L10 householder

1867--Urban male householder

1884--Rural male householder

1918--Adult males; women 30+

1928--Women and men 21+

Expanding role of the Prime Minister

• Accountable to House of Commons
• Role of the Crown
• Role of the Lords

New Politics

• Whig to Liberal
• Nonconformists--1851 Census
• Working class--trade unions

Liberal vs. Conservative

Mr. Gladstone vs. Disraeli

William Gladstone

• Chancellor of the Exchequer

Whig PM: Lord John Russell. 1865-1866

New Reform Bill

• L7 Householder
• Defeat in Commons

Tory PM: Lord Derby, 1866-1868

Benjamin Disraeli

Reform Bill of 1867

• Household Suffrage
• Disraeli PM 1868

General Election of 1868

Gladstone's first administration: 1868-1874

Ireland

Act of Union 1801

Catholic Emancipation 1829

Irish Famine 1840s

Religion

• Church of Ireland
  • Cathedrals
  • Parishes
• Disestablishment: Irish Church Act 1869
  • Tithes

Land Tenure

Irish Landowners and the Famine

• Irish Land Act 1870
  • Compensation for tenant improvements
  • Central gov't funds for tenant land purchase
• Rural violence against landlords

Polarization

What were the elements of the transition from "Whig" to "Liberal"?

Contrast the styles of political leadership displayed by Gladstone and Disraeli.

What was the basis of Gladstone's concern with "the Irish problem"?