Radicalism

1815

The Corn Laws

• Peterloo Massacre 1819

Representation

• Old Sarum

The Church

• Bishops--House of Lords
• Clergy
  • Pluralism
  • Non-Residence

Utilitarians and Philosophic Radicals

Secular

Scientific

Reform

Jeremy Bentham 1748-1832 link

Fragment on Government 1776

Principles of Morals and Legislation 1780/85

"the greatest happiness of the greatest number"

The law

Felicific Calculus

The Panopticon link

James Mill 1773-1836

Philosophic Radicals

Democratic Political Theory

• Protective Democracy
• Natural Rights?
• "Nonsense on stilts"--Bentham
• Tyranny of the Majority?

Essay on Government 1810/1820

Conservative Party

Lord Liverpool. PM 1812-1827

• No Reform of House of Commons
• Protect the Protestant Establishment
• Capital Punishment
• Corn Laws

Queen Caroline Affair 1820

"Liberal Toryism" 1820s

Sir Robert Peel--Home Office

• Police: "Peelers"
• Irish Constabulary 1808
• Metropolitan Police 1829

 Duke of Wellington PM 1828-1830

• Irish Security
• Catholic Emancipation 1829
• Split Tory Party

William IV 1830-1837

"rotten boroughs"

Lord Grey PM 1830-

Whigs in Power:

Reform Bill

Boroughs

• 60 abolished
• 48 reduced to one MP
• 42 to new urban areas
• L10 Householder

Counties

• 55 new seats
• 40s Freeholder

Robert Peel

• Defense of "corruption"

Thomas Babington Macaulay

• Reform or Revolution

March 1831 302-301

General Election of 1831

October 1831 Bristol Riots

Spring of 1832

• "More Lords or None"
• "To Stop the Duke, Go for Gold"

William IV and House of Lords

Reform Bill of 1832

• Doubled number of voters
• New urban constituencies
• Excluded working class voters
• L10 Householder and Social Class

 What were the principles of utilitarianism?

How did they contribute to reform?

What were the core principles of the post-1815 Conservative Party?

Why did the Duke of Wellington believe it was necessary to abandon one of them?

Why did the Whigs reform the House of Commons?