Long Nineteenth Century1789-1914

Short Twentieth Century 1914-1991

• 1914-1945 "European Civil War"
• 1945-1991 Cold War/Prosperity

The Inter-war Period, 1918-1939

• 1918-1925 Instability and Fascism
• 1925-1929 Peace and Prosperity
• 1929-1939 Depression and Nazism

 The German Revolution, 1918-1919

• Final Offensive, March-July 1918
• William II flees country
• Liberals in power

Armistice November 1918

• Instability 1918-1939
• Dictatorships
• Loss of Life/Value of Life
• Finances--U.S./Europe
• Lower Value of Life

Votes for Women

• Total War/Mobilization
• Qualification of Women Act (Great Britain) 1918
• 19th Amendment (U.S.A.) 1919
• Weimar Constitution (Germany) 1919
• France?

Treaty of Versailles 1919

• France
• Great Britain
• United States

 Woodrow Wilson--the "soft line"

• Democracy
• Nationalism
• League of Nations
• Fourteen Points
• Democratic Imperialism

New Nations link

• Eastern Europe

Ottoman Empire

• British and French Imperialism
• Iraq
• Kuwait
• Palestine
• Syria
• Turkey

League of Nations

The Hard Line

• Reparations
• War Guilt
• Restrictions on Military

Germany: The Weimar Republic

• Weakened economy
• Weakened democracy
• Allied guilt

Instability 1918-1925

FASCISM

• Contempt for Democracy
• Hostility to Socialism
• Racism/Anti-Semitism
• Nationalist Extremes
• Strong Leaders

Italy: Benito Mussolini, 1922

Germany

Weimar Republic

• Social Democrats (Socialists)
• Liberals
• Catholic Party (Centre)

Opposition

• Left: Communists
• Right: "Stab in the Back" Surrender
• Nationalists
• Monarchists

Inflation of 1923

Dawes Plan 1924

Treaty of Locarno 1925

Germany in League of Nations 1926

Fascism marginalized.

Peace/Prosperity 1925-29

• Reaction against War
• League of Nations
• American Influence in Europe
• Radio
  • Government run: BBC
  • Government regulated
    • Aimee Semple McPherson
    • WOC
• Movies
  • Mary Pickford
  • Rudolf Valentino
  • Charles Chaplin
  • Hollywood
• Phonograph
  • Jazz
  • New Orleans

Role of Women

• The Vote: now what?
• Professions
• The "New Woman"
• The Flapper
• Marie Stopes Married Love 1918

Conservative reaction/churches

• U.S.A. Prohibition of alcohol
• Wartime employment rolled back
• War and contraception
• Prosecution of birth control advocates
  • Margaret Sanger
• Children or Profession?

Depression 1929

Rise of Hitler