1	Pre-revolutionary Russia and the Revolutionary Movement Hist16E:178 Return to class schedule
2	Overview recurring themes historical background Russian society Crimean War and Reform Revolutionary Movement
3	Recurring themes in Russian history internal forces external forces cycles of reform and repression love-hate relationship with the West These last two well-illustrated by late-19^th century and early-20^th century
4	Internal Forces influence of geography climate and its economic consequences (agricultural production) multiethnic empire Autocracy, collectivism
5	Map of Former USSR
6	External Forces geographic factors contrast to U.S. history impact on collective consciousness of the people
7	Cycles of reform and repression internal and external pressures led to repression repression led to rebellion rebellion led to reform reform fostered radicalism radicalism sparked repression
8	Love-hate relationship with the West Westernizers Slavophiles
9	Background founding and early history of the Romanov dynasty Mikhail Romanov (Mikhail I) (1613-45) Peter the Great (1689-1725) Catherine the Great (1762-1796) Alexander I (1801-1825) Nicholas I (1825-1855)
10	Peter I (1689-1725) Westernization Imperatives of war led to reforms
11	Structure of Russian Society Serfs serf vs. slave serf vs. state peasant vs. church peasant landed gentry table of ranks (1722) society organized into 14 ranks based on service to state non-hereditary service obligatory military, administrative, diplomatic tradespeople implications for economic growth and mobility
12	Catherine II (1762-1796) admirer of Peter I enlightened absolutism Charter to the Nobility (1785) education
13	Alexander I (1801-1825) palace coup Napoleonic Wars Decembrist uprising Sought to limit autocratic power failure lacked coherent program did not enlist popular support start of revolutionary movement
14	Nicholas I (1825-1855) “The Iron Tsar” censorship secret police intelligentsia “Autocracy, Orthodoxy, and Nationalism” Crimean War
15	Alexander II (1855-81) The Great Reformer Need to industrialize Emancipation Act of 1861 immediate personal freedom obligated to buy land from landlord Other reforms education zemstvos: rural councils Significance of Great Reforms
16	Popular Reaction to Reform Roots Decembrists Literary Circles of 1840s Slavophiles Westernizers
17	Slavophiles Russian Orthodoxy Old Muscovy zemskii sobor (Assembly of Land) mir (peasant commune) rejected westernization
18	Westernizers Vissarion Belinskii (1811-1848) curb or abolish autocracy education modernization
19	The 1870s Revolutionary Populism narod (the people) peasant commune “Going to the People” movement (1874)
20	Marxism Karl Marx “From each according to his ability, to each according to his need” (1875) Das Kapital (1867, 1885, 1894) Georgii Plekhanov (1856-1918) Social Democrats
21	Vladimir Ilich Ulianov (Lenin) Alexander Ulianov executed (1887) became a Marxist (1892) Second Cogress of the Russian Social Democratic Worker’s Party (RSDRP) Julius Martov Mensheviks Bolsheviks
22	Social Revolutionaries (SRs) roots in populism faith in peasants as revolutionary class use of terrorism
23	Liberals constitutional monarchy civil liberties national assembly (zemstva union) Kadets (Constitutional Democrats)
24	Conclusion Russia’s fragmentation along class lines Role of the West as a standard Return to class schedule