Research/Facts
According to Jackson Katz in an analysis of violent white masculinity
in advertisements, there are four main recurring themes in advertising
which target men and support the equation of white masculinity and
violence:
- Violence as genetically programmed male behavior, i.e., natural
warrior energy within every man
- The use of military and sports symbolism to enhance the masculine
appeal and identification or products
- The association of muscularity with ideal masculinity
- The equation of heroic masculinity with violent masculinity
In the U.S., there are more pornography shops than McDonald's. (get
source from Liz)
A 32-month study of television violence, commissioned by the National
Cable Television Association, found that the level of violent programming
stayed about the same for the duration of the study -- about 61
per cent.
- The 3 year study found that the number of prime-time shows containing
violent scenes rose from slightly over half in October 1994, to
about two-thirds in June 1997.
- Ninety-two percent of programs aired by pay cable networks contained
violent content.
- Nearly 40% of violent incidents are initiated by "good" characters.
The negative consequences, meanwhile, are shown in only 15 per
cent of programs. Source: Study Finds More Violence in Prime-Time
TV Shows, CNN Interactive, Apr. 16, 1998
Research conducted by Dr. William Marshall of Queens Unviersity
shows 86% of rapists are interested in hardore pornography, and
that even non-violent pornography can play a significant role in
triggering sexually deviant behavior (Media
Awareness Network,, Source: Prince George Citizen, Oct. 23,
1996).
About 82% of Americans think movies are too violent and 72% finds
that entertainment tv is too violent. (Media
Awareness Network,, Source: American Public Opinion on Media
Violence, produced by Mediascope, June 1993).
Women are told to be sexy, but it's that same sexiness that is
used against them in rape cases. Victoria's Secret "tempts
young women with overtly sexual ads promising that their lingerire
will make them irresistible." Yet when a young woman accused
William Kennedy Smith, whose alleged history of violence against
women was omitted from the hearing, the fact that she was wearing
Vicotria's Secret panties was used as an indication of her sexual
promiscuity and immorality. (Kilbourne, 1999).
Jackson Katz, who writes and lectures on male violence, often begins
his workshops by asking men to list the things they do every day
to protect themselves from sexual assault. The men are "surprised,
puzzled, sometimes amused by the question but the women have no
trouble coming up with a list of responses," like unlisted
phone numbers, not walking alone at night, carrying a whistle and/or
Mace, checking the backseat before getting into the car, etc. (Kilbourne,
1999).
Sexually explicit media, especially involving children, this isn't
just an American thing. In Tokyo, hundreds of "image clubs"
allow Japanese men to act out their fantasies with make-believe
schoolgirls. A magazine called V-Club with pictures of naked
elementary school girls competes with another kiddie porn magazine,
Anatomical Illustrations of Junior High School Girls. Masao
Miyamoto, a male psychiatrist, suggests that men are turning to
these girls because they feel threatend by the growing sophistication
of older Japanese women. (Kilbourne, 1999).
A 1993 report by the American Association of University Women found
that 76% of female students in grades 8-11 and 56% of males students
said they had been sexually harassed in school.
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