Protective Model

Assumptions: Parents delegate, hold school responsible, educators accept responsibility

Advantages: Protects school from intrusions

Disadvantages: Exacerbates many conflicts, ignores potential collaboration, rejects resources and support

School-to-Home Transmission Model

Assumptions: Continuity of expectations, non-school contributions help

Advantages: Programs succeed, parents seek direction

Disadvantages: Parents not equal partners, hard to draw boundaries between school and parent roles

Curriculum Enrichment Model

Assumptions: Continuity of learning, values and culture central

Advantages: Incorporates parent involvement into children's learning, increases resources

Disadvantages: Heavy investment of time and energy, curricular adaptations difficult, differences hard to address

Partnership Model

Assumptions: Partnerships require new visions for school policy and practices, collaboration important

Advantages: Would transform school culture

Disadvantages: Difficult to achieve, challenges assumptions of professionalism