Alternative Forms of Electoral Systems

Additional Information

On-line Resources

Administration and Cost of Elections (ACE) Project, International IDEA, IFES, UN.  www.aceproject.org

Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI), www.esri.com

International Foundation for Electoral Systems, Washington (IFES). www.ifes.org

International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA), Stockholm.   www.idea.int

Lipjhart Electoral Archive dodgson.ucsd.edu/lij/

MapInfo Inc.  www.mapinfo.com

United Nations Electoral Assistance Division (UNEAD), www.un.org/Depts/dpa/ead/eadhome

Bibliography

The literature on elections and electoral behavior is extraordinarily vast.  This bibliography is therefore limited to core works on electoral system design, and elections in developing countries and post-conflict societies where there have been many recent elections to usher in the transition from authoritarian to democratic rule. 

Barkan, Joel D. (2000), “Elections in Developing Countries,” International Encyclopedia of Elections.  Washington: Congressional Quarterly Press, pp.87-94

Barkan, Joel D. (1995), “Elections in Agrarian Societies,” Journal of Democracy, 6, 4 (October), pp. 106-116

Cox, Gary W. (1997),  Making Votes Count: Strategic Coordination in the World’s Electoral Systems.  New York: Cambridge University Press

Duverger, Maurice (1963), Political Parties: Their Organization and Activity in the Modern State.  New York: Wilely

Gallagher, Michael (1991), “Proportionality, Disproportionality and Electoral Systems,” Electoral Studies, 10, pp. 33-51

Grofman, Bernard and Arend Lijphart, eds. (1986), Electoral Laws and Their Consequence.  New York: Agathon Press.

Handley, Lisa (2000), “Using Geographic Information Systems for Redistricting,” International IDEA Technical Papers.  Stockholm: International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance

Kumar, Krishna ed. (1998), Postconflict Elections, Democratization and International Assistance.  Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers

Lijphart, Arend(1994), Electoral Systems and Party Systems: A Study of Twenty-Seven Democracies, 1945-1990.  New York: Oxford University Press

Lijphart, Arend and Bernard Grofman (1984), Choosing an Electoral System.  New York: Praeger

Reynolds, Andrew (1999), Electoral Systems and Democratization in Southern Africa.  New York: Oxford University Press

Reynolds, Andrew and Ben Reilly, eds. (1997), The International IDEA Handbook of Electoral System Design.  Stockholm: International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance

Taagapera, Rein and Mathew S. Shugart (1989), Seats and Votes: The Effects and Determinants of Electoral Systems.  New Haven: Yale University Press

Copyright © 2001 by Joel D. Barkan, Paul Densham and Gerard Rushton