Department of
Geoscience
University of
Iowa
Iowa City, IA
52242
Phone: 319-353-1808
Fax: 319-335-1821
Email: christopher-brochu@uiowa.edu
1993-1997 Ph.D. Geological Sciences University
of Texas at Austin
1989-1993 M.A. Geological Sciences University
of Texas at Austin
1985-1989 B.S.
Geology University
of Iowa
2001 - present Assistant Professor,
Department of Geoscience, University of Iowa
2001 -
present Research
Associate, Vertebrate Paleontology Laboratory, Texas Memorial Museum
2001 -
present Research
Associate, Department of Geology, Field Museum
2001 -
present Research
Associate, Science Museum of Minnesota
1998 -
2000 Postdoctoral
Research Scientist, Department of Geology, Field Museum
Honors
and Awards
2005 Collegiate
Teaching Award, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Iowa
1996 Romer
Prize, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology
1996 Stoye
Award in General Herpetology, American Society of Ichthyologists and
Herpetologists
1996 Best
Student Technical Sessions Speaker, Geological Sciences, University of Texas at
Austin
1989 W.
A. Tarr Award, Sigma Gamma Epsilon Ð Earth Sciences Honor Society
Scholarship
Publications
(Refereed)
Professional
Books and Monographs
Brochu, C.A. 2003. Osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex: insights from a nearly complete skeleton
and high-resolution computed tomographic analysis of the skull. Society of
Vertebrate Paleontology Memoir 7:1-138.
Brochu, C.A., and R.A. Ketcham. 2003. Computed tomographic analysis of the Tyrannosaurus rex skull. Society of Vertebrate
Paleontology Memoir 7:CD-ROM.
Rowe, T., C.A. Brochu, K. Kishi, J. W.
Merck, M.W. Colbert, E. Saglamer, and S. Warren (eds.), 1999. Cranial Morphology of Alligator
mississippiensis and
Phylogeny of Alligatoroidea. Society
of Vertebrate Paleontology Memoir 6.
Rowe, T., C.A. Brochu, K. Kishi, J.W.
Merck, Jr., and M.W. Colbert (eds.), 1999. Alligator: Digital Atlas of the Skull. Soceity of Vertebrate Paleontology
Memoir 6: CD-ROM.
Journal
Articles
Brochu, C. A. In press. Eosuchus (Crocodylia, Gavialoidea) from the Lower
Eocene of the Isle of Sheppey, England.
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology.
McAliley, L. R., R. E. Willis, D. A. Ray, P.
S. White, C. A. Brochu, and L. D. Densmore. In press. Are crocodiles really
monophyletic? Ð Evidence for subdivisions from sequence and morphological
data. Molecular Phylogenetics
and Evolution.
Brochu, C. A. 2006. Osteology
and phylogenetic significance of Eosuchus minor (Marsh 1870), new combination, a
longirostrine crocodylian from the Late Paleocene of North America. Journal of Paleontology, 80:162-186.
Brochu, C.A. 2004.
Alligatorine phylogeny and the status of Allognathosuchus Mook, 1921. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 24:856-872.
Brochu, C.A. 2004. A new
gavialoid crocodylian from the Late Cretaceous of eastern North America and the
phylogenetic relationships of thoracosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 24:610-633.
Erickson, G.M., P.J. Makovicky, P.J.
Currie, M. Norell, S. Yerby, and C.A. Brochu. 2004. Gigantism
and comparative life-history parameters of tyrannosaurid dinosaurs. Nature, 430:772-775.
Brochu, C.A. 2004.
Calibration age and quartet divergence date estimation. Evolution, 58:1375-1382.
Brochu, C.A., and A.D. Rincon. 2004. A gavialoid crocodylian from the Lower Miocene of
Venezuela. Special Papers in
Palaeontology, 71:61-78.
Brochu, C.A., C.D. Sumrall, and J.M.
Theodor. 2004. When clocks (and communities) collide:
estimating divergence time from molecules and the fossil record. Journal of Paleontology, 78:1-6.
Brochu, C.A. 2004. Patterns
of calibration age sensitivity with quartet dating methods. Journal of Paleontology, 78:7-30.
Brochu, C.A. 2003.
Phylogenetic approaches toward crocodylian history. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary
Sciences, 31:357-397.
Sumrall, C.D., and C.A. Brochu. 2003. Resolution, sampling, higher taxa and assumptions in
stratocladistic analysis. Journal
of Paleontology,
77:189-194.
Brochu, C.A., M.L. BouarŽ, F. Sissoko,
E.M. Roberts, and M.A. OÕLeary, 2002.
A dyrosaurid (Crocodyliformes) braincase from Mali. Journal of Paleontology, 76:1060-1071.
Brochu, C.A, 2001. Progress and future
directions in archosaur phylogenetics. Journal of Paleontology, 75:1185-1201.
Brochu, C.A., and M.A. Norell, 2001. Time and trees: A quantitative assessment of temporal
congruence in the bird origins debate.
pp. 511-535 in J.A. Gauthier and L.F Gall (eds.), New Perspectives on
the Origin and Early Evolution of Birds, Peabody Museum of Natural History, New Haven, CT.
Brochu, C.A., 2001. Congruence between physiology,
phylogenetics, and the fossil record on crocodylian historical
biogeography. pp. 9-28 in G.
Grigg, F. Seebacher and C.E. Franklin (eds.), Crocodilian Biology and
Evolution, Surrey Beatty
and Sons, Sydney.
Brochu, C.A., and L.D. Densmore,
2001. Crocodile
phylogenetics: A review of current
progress. pp. 3-8 in G. Grigg, F.
Seebacher and C.E. Franklin (eds.), Crocodilian Biology and Evolution, Surrey Beatty and Sons, Sydney.
Brochu, C.A. 2001.
Crocodylian snouts in space and time: phylogenetic approaches toward adaptive radiation. American Zoologist,
41:564-585.
Brochu, C.A., and C.D. Sumrall, 2001. Phylogenetic nomenclature and
paleontology. Journal of
Paleontology, 75:754-757.
Sumrall, C.D., C.A. Brochu,
and J.W. Merck, 2001. Global
lability, regional resolution, and majority-rule consensus bias. Paleobiology, 27:254-261.
Brochu, C.A., H.N. Bryant,
J.M. Theodor, M.A. OÕLeary, J.M. Adrain, and C.D. Sumrall. 2001. Modern phylogenetics in paleontology: comments on Vermeij. Paleobiology, 27:176-178.
Brochu, C.A., and P.D. Gingerich,
2000. New tomistomine crocodylian
from the middle Eocene (Bartonian) of Wadi Hitan, Fayum Province, Egypt. Contributions from the Museum of
Paleontology, University of Michigan. 30: 251-268.
Sumida, S.S., and C.A.
Brochu, 2000. Phylogenetic context
for the origin of feathers. American
Zoologist, 40:486-503.
Brochu, C.A., 2000. Phylogenetic relationships and
divergence timing of Crocodylus based on morphology and the fossil record. Copeia, 2000:657-673.
Buckley, G.A., C.A. Brochu,
D.W. Krause, and D. Pol, 2000. A
pug-nosed crocodyliform from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Nature, 405:941Ð944.
Brochu, C.A., 2000. A
digitally-rendered endocast for Tyrannosaurus rex.
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 20:1-6.
Brochu, C.A., and M.A.
Norell, 2000. Temporal congruence
and the origin of birds. Journal
of Vertebrate Paleontology,
20:197-200.
Brochu, C.A., 2000. Fossil crocodylians from the Eocene
DevilÕs Graveyard and Canoe Formations, Brewster County, Texas. Texas Journal of Science, 52:3-12.
Brochu, C.A., 2000. Borealosuchus (Crocodylia) from the Paleocene of Big
Bend National Park, Texas. Journal
of Paleontology, 74:181Ð187.
Brochu, C.A., 1999. Taxon
sampling and reverse successive weighting. Systematic Biology, 48:808-813.
Brochu, C.A., 1999. Phylogeny, systematics, and historical
biogeography of Alligatoroidea. Society
of Vertebrate Paleontology Memoir 6:9-100.
Rowe, T., C.A. Brochu, K.
Kishi, J. Merck, and M.W. Colbert, 1999.
Introduction to Alligator: Digital atlas of
the skull. Society of Vertebrate
Paleontology Memoir 6:1-8.
Erickson, G.M., and C.A.
Brochu, 1999. How the Òterror
crocodileÓ grew so big. Nature, 398:205-206.
Buckley, G.A., and C.A.
Brochu, 1999. An enigmatic new
crocodile from the Upper Cretaceous of Madagascar. pp. 149-175 in D.M. Unwin (ed.), Special Papers in
Palaeontology 60: Cretaceous
Fossil Vertebrates,
Palaeontological Association, London.
Brochu, C.A., 1997. A review of "Leidyosuchus" (Crocodyliformes, Eusuchia) from the
Cretaceous through Eocene of North America. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 17:679-697.
Brochu, C.A., 1997. Fossils, morphology, divergence timing,
and the phylogenetic relationships of Gavialis. Systematic Biology, 46:479-522.
Brochu, C.A., 1997. Synonymy, redundancy, and the name of
the crocodile stem-group. Journal
of Vertebrate Paleontology, 17:448-449.
Brochu, C.A., 1996. Closure of neurocentral sutures during
crocodylian ontogeny: implications
for maturity assessment in fossil archosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 16:49-62.
Brochu, C.A., 1995. Heterochrony in the crocodylian
scapulocoracoid. Journal of
Herpetology, 29:464-468.
Book Reviews
Brochu, C.A. 2003. Review of
Schwimmer, D. R. 2002. King of the Crocodylians: The
Paleobiology of Deinosuchus. Palaios, 18:79-82.
Publications (Non-Refereed)
Brochu, C.A. 2003. Lessons
from a Tyrannosaur: The
ambassadorial role of paleontology.
Palaios,
18:475-476.
Brochu, C.A. 2000.
Crocodylians. Pp. 317-322 in R. Singer (ed.), Encyclopedia of
Paleontology, Fitzroy
Dearborn Publishers, Chicago.
Brochu, C.A. 2000.
Crocodylomorphs. Pp.
322-328 in R. Singer (ed.), Encyclopedia of Paleontology, Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, Chicago.
Brochu, C.A., J. Long, C. McHenry, J.D. Scanlon,
and P.M.A. Willis (managing editor, M.K. Brett-Surman). 2000. Time-Life Guides:
Dinosaurs. Time-Life Books/Weldon-Owen Pty Ltd.,
Sydney.
Rieppel, O., and C. Brochu. 1999. Paleontologists defend dinosaur mount. In The Field, 70:8.
Research Grants (External)
2006-2009 Computerization of the University of Iowa Paleontology
Repository (NSF DBI Ð Biological Research Collections; PI A.F. Budd; additional
co-PIs J.M. Adrain, T. Adrain).
2005-2007 Synthetic
Approaches Toward Crocodylian Phylogeny (NSF DEB 0444133; co-PI L.D. Densmore)
2002-2007 Collaborative
Research: Archosaur Phylogeny - A
Total Evidence Approach at Fine Taxonomic Levels (NSF DEB 0228648).
1994 Studies
of Fossil and Recent Crocodylians (Paleontological Society Grant).
1991 Studies
of Recent Crocodylians (American Museum of Natural History Collections Use
Grant).
Research Grants (Internal)
2004-2005 Carver
Scientific Research Initiative Grant: Sequencing of a Bone Structural Protein
Gene in Crocodylians
2003 Old
Gold Fellowship
2002 Old
Gold Fellowship
Conference Presentations
Invited Symposium Presentations
(platform)
2005 Phylogenetic
Approaches toward Crocodylian History.
Second Symposium of Graduate Research in Biology, University of Puerto
Rico, Rio Piedras.
2004 Phylogenetic
nomenclature for Crocodylia: a success story in the face of phylogenetic
uncertainty. First International
Phylogenetic Nomenclature Meeting, Museum National dÕHistoire Naturelle, Paris.
2003 Development
of a National Systematics Infrastructure - The View from Paleontology. National
Science Foundation Workshop Ð Development of a National Systematics Infrastructure:
A Virtual Instrument for the 21st Century, New York Botanical Garden
2001 Phylogenetic
revision and fossil divergence estimates:
when is a conflict not a conflict? When Clocks Collide: Calibrating Lineage Divergences from
Fossils and Molecules, North American Paleontological Convention, Berkeley
(with J.M. Theodor and C.D. Sumrall).
PaleoBios,
21(supp. to 2):35.
2001 The
impact of fossil calibration choice in molecular divergence estimation. When
Clocks Collide: Calibrating Lineage
Divergences from Fossils and Molecules, North American Paleontological
Convention, Berkeley. PaleoBios, 21(supp. to 2):35.
2001 Tyrannosaurid
systematics and the phylogenetic position of Tyrannosauridae within
Theropoda. A. Watson Armour III Symposium: Paleobiology and Phylogenetics of Large
Theropods, Field Museum, Chicago.
2001
The
big and the dead. A. Watson Armour
III Symposium: Paleobiology and
Phylogenetics of Large Theropods, Field Museum, Chicago.
2001
Beyond
mere morphology: reflections of a computed tomography addict. Science, Entertainment, and Teaching:
Bringing Cutting Edge Biology to the Public Teaching Community, Society of
Integrative and Comparative Biology, Chicago. American Zoologist,
2000
The
importance of phylogeny in interpreting the crocodylian fossil record. Beyond Reconstruction: Using Phylogenies to Test Hypotheses
About Vertebrate Evolution, Society of Integrative and Comparative
Biology/Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Joint Symposium, Atlanta. American Zoologist, 39(5):48a. (With P.M.A. Willis.)
1998
The
Visible Alligator: A digital atlas
of alligator craniology based on high-resolution CT imagery. Three-Dimensional Scanning and Computer
Modelling of Vertebrate Fossils, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Symposium,
Snowbird. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 18(3):29A. (With T. Rowe, J.W. Merck, M.W. Colbert, and K. Kishi.)
1998
Concordance
among physiology, phylogenetics, and the fossil record on crocodylian
biogeography. Crocodilian Biology
and Evolution, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
1998
Differing
temporal expectations for crocodylian phylogeny: molecules versus stratigraphy. A. Watson Armour III Spring Symposium: Combining Molecular
and Paleontological Data - A Twofold Approach for Documenting Major Evolutionary Patterns, Field Museum,
Chicago.
Volunteered Presentations (Platform)
2005 Stealth
diversity in the cradle of humanity: crocodylid endemism in Africa and the western
Indian Ocean during the Neogene. Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Mesa, AZ. Journal
of Vertebrate Paleontology,
24:39A
2004 Tyrannosaurid
life-history parameters and the evolution of gigantism in Tyrannosaurus. Society of Vertebrate Paleontology,
Denver. Journal of Vertebrate
Paleontology,
24:55A. (with G. Erickson,
P. Makovicky, P. Currie, M. Norell, and S. Yerby)
2004 Alligatorine
phylogeny, the law of the unspecialized, and the status of Allognathosuchus Mook, 1921. Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Denver. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 24:41A-42A.
2003 Calibration sensitivity and quartet
dating: systematic under- and
overestimation of
divergence
times from molecular data. Society
of Vertebrate Paleontology, St. Paul,
MN. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 23:36A. (with J. M. Theodor.)
2002 Thecachampsoides
minor and early gavialoid
history: coastal Atlantic origins of longirostrine crocodylians. Society of
Vertebrate Paleontology, Norman, OK. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 22:39A.
2002 Discovery
of continental mammals and other vertebrates of biogeographic significance in
the Early Miocene of Venezuela. Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Norman, OK.
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 22:102A. (with M. R. S‡nchez-Villagra [speaker], R.J. Asher, R.H.
Madden, A.D. Rincon, and E.M. Weston.)
2002 Discovery
of continental mammals and other vertebrates of biogeographic significance in
the Early Miocene of Venezuela. 50th Symposium of Vertebrate
Palaeontology and Comparative Anatom, Cambridge, UK, September 2002. (with M.
R. S‡nchez-Villagra [speaker], R.J. Asher, R.H. Madden, A.D. Rincon, and E.M.
Weston.)
2002 Paleopathology
in a mature specimen of Tyrannosaurus rex. First
International Palaeontological Congress, Sydney, NSW, Australia, July 2002. Abstracts - Geological Society of Australia, 68:134. (with E.A. Rega, speaker)
2001 Phylogenetic perspectives on temporal
diversity patterns in crocodylians. Society of Vertebrate Paleontology,
Bozeman, MT. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 21:36A.
2001 Paleopathology
of a mature Tyrannosaurus rex skeleton. Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Bozeman, MT. Journal
of Vertebrate Paleontology,
21:92A. (with E.A. Rega, speaker)
2001 Evidence
for thoracic breathing in Tyrannosaurus rex, based on recent anatomical and
pathological evidence from ÒSue.Ó
6th International Congress of Vertebrate Morphology,
Jena. Journal of Morphology, 248(3):274. (with E.A. Rega, speaker)
2000 Crocodylian
snouts in space and time:
phylogenetic approaches toward mapping the temporal fates of adaptive
radiations. Geological Society of
America/Paleontological Society, Reno (Paleontological Society Theme Session Ð
Evolving Biodiversity: From the Field to the Database). Geological Society
of America Abstracts with Programs, 32(7):A-132.
2000 Postcranial
axial morphology of a large Tyrannosaurus rex skeleton. Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Mexico City. Journal
of Vertebrate Paleontology 20(3):32A.
1999 Majority-rule
consensus and bootstrap bias - global lability and regional resolution. Geological Society of
America/Paleontological Society, Denver.
Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, 31(7):A-138. (with C.D. Sumrall and J.W. Merck)
1999 High-resolution
CT analysis of a Tyrannosaurus rex skull. Society of
Vertebrate Paleontology, Denver. Journal
of Vertebrate Paleontology,
19(3):34A.
1999. A
bizarre crocodyliform from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar: Systematics, biogeography, and
paleoecology. Society of
Vertebrate Paleontology, Denver. Journal
of Vertebrate Paleontology,
19(3):34A. (with G.A. Buckley
[speaker], L.L Randriamiaramanana, and D.W. Krause)
1999 Temporal
congruence and the origin of birds - is there a "temporal paradox?"
Society of Systematic Biologists/Society for the Study of Evolution, Madison,
WI. No abstract. with M.A. Norell)
1998 There
is no temporal paradox in bird origins.
Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Snowbird. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 18(3):29A. (with M.A. Norell)
1998 Heterochronic
evolution of gigantism in the Cretaceous alligatoroid Deinosuchus. Society of Vertebrate Paleontology,
Snowbird. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 18(3):40A. (with G.M.
Erickson, speaker)
1997 Phylogeny,
systematics, and historical biogeography of Alligatoroidea. Society of Vertebrate Paleontology,
Chicago. Journal of Vertebrate
Paleontology, 17(3):34A.
1997 Hyperdiversity
and the paleobiogeographic implications of Late Cretaceous crocodyliforms of
Madagascar. Society of Vertebrate
Paleontology, Chicago. Journal
of Vertebrate Paleontology, 17(3):35A. (with G.A.
Buckley [speaker] and D. Krause)
1997 The
divergence timing and historical biogeography of Crocodylus:
Preliminary insights from phylogenetics and the fossil record. American Society of Ichthyologists and
Herpetologists, Seattle. ASIH
Abstracts with Programs,
p. 81.
1997 Expected
divergence times within Crocodylia from molecules and fossils: conflict and
congruence. Society of Systematic
Biologists/Society for the Study of Evolution, Boulder. No abstract.
1997 Bias
introduced into majority rule consensus by labile taxa: Its cause, description,
and consequences for bootstrap analysis.
Society of Systematic Biologists/Society for the Study of Evolution,
Boulder. No abstract. (with C.D. Sumrall and J.W. Merck
[speaker])
1996 Fossils
as pruning shears: Branch length
and the phylogenetic systematics of Crocodylia. Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, New York. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 16(3):24A.
1996 Campanian
crocodyliforms from Madagascar and their biogeographical implications. Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, New
York. Journal of Vertebrate
Paleontology,
16(3):24A. (with G.A. Buckley,
speaker)
1996 Phylogenetic
systematics and origin of Gavialoidea:
The contribution from fossils. Society
for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Lawrence. SSAR Program Notes and
Abstracts, p. 65.
1996 Phylogenetic
systematics and taxonomy of Crocodylia: A morphological perspective. American Society of Ichthyologists and
Herpetologists, New Orleans. ASIH
Abstracts with Programs,
p. 93.
1996 New
eusuchian crocodyliforms from the Paleocene of West Texas: Biogeographic and
phylogenetic implications. Geological Society of America South-Central Regional Meeting,
Austin. Geological Society of
America Abstracts with Programs, 28(1):6.
1996 The
effects of multiple primitive states and single-taxon outgroups on
parsimony-based phylogenetic analyses. Geological Society of America South-Central Regiona
Meeting, Austin. Geological
Society of America Abstracts with Programs, 28(1):65. (with C.D. Sumrall [speaker] and J. W. Merck)
1995 Phylogenetic
relationships of basal eusuchians and the origin of Crocodylus.
Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Pittsburgh. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 15:20A.
1992 Late-stage
ontogenetic changes in the postcranium of crocodylians. Society of Vertebrate Paleontology,
Toronto. Journal of Vertebrate
Paleontology, 12:19A.
Volunteered Presentations (Poster)
2005 Cocodrilos
f—siles de Puerto Rico (Fossil crocodiles of Puerto Rico). XXIV Simposio de Flora y Fauna del
Caribe, Casa Roig, PR. (With J.
VŽlez-Juarbe, A. Nieves- Rivera, J. D. Daza-Vaca, and H. Santos)
2003 A
new slender-snouted crocodyliform from the Upper Cretaceous Maevarano
Formation,
Madagascar.
Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, St. Paul, MN. Journal of Vertebrate