Advance Organizer 12

(Research on CAI & Classroom Integration)

Kulik, C. L. C., & Kulik, J. A. (1991). Effectiveness of computer-based instruction: An updated analysis.

1. What do you think is a meta-analysis? What can it be used for? Why is it particularly useful in some instances?

2. What are the main results of this study? What can we say about computers and education that we can be confident about? Do these results agree with your expectations? Do you have reason to be skeptical about these results? Why or why not?

1. What is the author's claim in this article? What are the main arguments for his claim?

2. What does the author recommend for the future of research on media?

1. The author distinguishes among four kinds of media used for learning: books, television/video, computers, and multimedia. What are the relative advantages of learning with each medium? What are the relative disadvantages?

2. For each of the media discussed in the article, give examples of at least one learning situation or one type of instructional content that would be learned best for that medium. Explain why learning in this situation or for this content would be superior when presented on the particular medium.

3. The author refers many times to Clark (1983). What are the issues addressed in Clark that Kozma is addressing? What is Kozma's stand on these issues?

1. The author refers to Clark (1983). What are the main problems with Clark's hypothesis, according to the author? What does Koumi propose as a solution to the main problem(s)?

2. The author compares and contrasts five (or six) media for instructional purposes. What are these media? What would you say are the main advantages of each, according to the author? What are the main disadvantages?

3. The media described by the author are what we might call relatively "low tech" because they might not be as sophisticated or interactive as more recent technology. What can we learn from these media that we can apply to today's multimedia computer applications?

4. How do Koumi's issues compare and contrast to Kozma's?

1. What are computer literacy, computer integration, and transformation, according to the authors?

2. How do these approaches to computers and public schools compare and contrast?

3. Based on the reading, in your opinion what are the five most important issues facing public schools in integrating computers into the curriculum?

4. In your opinion, what are the five most important roadblocks to computers being integrated into the curriculum?

5. In your opinion, what would be the best way(s) that public schools should implement/integrate computers into their curricula?

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