Drama Panel A

Lance Norman Chair

Michigan State Univ.

normanl1@msu.edu

 

Paper #1

 

Dissecting Opposition: The Romantic Dialectic on its Last Legs in Zacharias Werner and Heinrich von Kleist

 

This paper explores dismemberment as an image for incapacitated dialectical movement in two plays by Zacharias Werner and Heinrich von Kleist.  Dramatists Werner and Kleist are the sore thumbs of German Romanticism. They are outsiders as dramatists in a movement that valorized the novel, and their plays wrest romantic forms and themes into extreme figurations.  Two works in particular reflect on their radical practice through images of dismemberment.  Disembodied heads and limbless bodies haunt Werner’s Die Söhne des Thals (The Brotherhood of the Valley, 1803-4) and Kleist’s Das Käthchen von Heilbronn (Cathy of Heilbronn, 1808).  In Sons of the Valley, the Templar Knights’ worship devil’s heads and lose their spiritual “head,” the reform-minded grand master, as punishment.  Kleist’s Cathy of Heilbronn constructs its heroines with imagery of prostheses, broken legs, and fragmented classical statues.  Truncated bodies in both plays coincide with ambiguous resolutions and circular plots that deny closure and prevent progress beyond core conflicts.  Drama’s basic mechanisms are therefore disassembled alongside the body.  Not only do these plays immobilize the dialectical movement at the heart of Romanticism, but they force consideration of what is negated by that movement, and see a productivity in the playful slippage of categories that pre-figures post-structuralist thought. 

 

Amy Emm

PhD Candidate, Germanics

University of Washington, Seattle
Paper #2

From Ibsen to Kane: Baby Steps Toward a Modern Theory of Dramatic Dismemberment

In this paper I will suggest that the dead child emerges a modern dramatic emblem in the late nineteenth-century and that the dead child continues to proliferate in contemporary drama.   From Henrik Ibsen’s Hedda Gabler to Sarah Kane’s Blasted, and many dramas in-between, such as Eugene O’Neill’s Desire Under the Elms, Luigi Pirandello’s Six Characters in Search of an Author and Edward Albee’s The American Dream, to name just a few examples, demonstrate the proliferation of representations of dead children within Modern Drama.  Strikingly, the wide variety of dramatic styles which return to the image of the dead child suggest that the image has little to do with dramatic genre.  The dead child is found in realist, symbolist, and absurdist drama as well as the theatre of extremes.  Equally striking is the sheer number of canonical modern plays which grapple with the emblem of the dead child.  Previous discussions of the dead child as a dramatic emblem has tended to focus on the dead child as an American emblem.  However, as the previous listing suggests, such a characterization is unnecessarily restrictive.

 

I argue that the dead child emerges within modern drama as a metonymic emblem demonstrating the dismemberment of drama as a form.  Between phenomenological and semiotic dramatic theories there is a gap, and this gap is the space where the dead child emerges.  The dead child announces the very failure of dramatic signifying systems. The fecundity of Modern Drama’s dead children is, the paradoxical proliferation of the dead, in which the drama repeatedly returns to the iterating sign of the dead child as a means of addressing the failure of signifying networks. 

 

Lance Norman

Michigan State University

 


Paper #3

 

"Statues, Jars, and other Stored Treasures" 

 

This paper examines displacement in theatre as a kind of performative “drift” that may imbue the performative female body with unexpected agency and power. It considers the ways in which the peripheral figures of either sculptured busts or dismembered pickled body parts—enacted by live voices and/or bodies of young female actors—evoke the circulation of power and the possibilities for change. Adrienne Kennedy’s A Lesson in Dead Language (1968) employs life-size statues of Jesus, Joseph, Mary, two Wise Men, and a Shepard as objects that hover above and around the set of a one-room school where a great white dog—the teacher—and seven girl pupils embark on a lesson of generations, life, death, and knowledge.  The statues transform from religious figures to Roman ones, and are enacted by off-stage voices. Suzan-Lori Park’s Venus (1990) references the dismemberment and circulation of the skeleton, brain, and genitals of Saartjie Baartman—a.k.a. The Girl and later The Venus Hottentot—on display or in storage at the Musee de l’Homme until the remains were returned to South Africa in 2002.  In Parks’ play, the Negro Resurrectionist reminds the audience of this history, and a girl actor along with the rest of the cast, enact the events surrounding Baartman’s life and death in captivity.  These figures—dismembered bodies as either clay statues or preserved organs in jars—haunt the structure of representation. Moreover, the figure of girls—the pupils and Venus respectively—posit a notion of presence as a living absence. Ultimately, this paper will consider how such displacements trouble feminist critiques of performance.

 

Johanna Frank

University of Windsor

 

 

Drama Panel B

Lance Norman – Chair

Michigan State Univ.

normanl1@msu.edu

 

Split the Difference: Third Legs and Incest in Later-Twentieth-Century Irish Drama

           

              Sexual transgression in the plays of Marina Carr and Frank McGuinness demonstrates an anti-essentialist turn and evokes the crisis of representation (i.e. What is Irish?) in later-twentieth-century Irish drama.   Imbedded tales of a Papist whore’s amputated third leg and of incestuous twins severed by community mores enact the splitting of the “Irish” subject and evade the all too resilient iconoclasm associated with Irish theatre.   While tropes of splitting and dismemberment easily recall the political partitioning of the Ireland itself, the images of dismemberment in Carr and McGuinness’ plays constitute a framework for reading the situated and personal in a manner akin to Julia Kristeva’s theorization of the abject and the subject-in-process.

Rather than recycling and inverting representations of Irishness—moves initiated in the dramatic projects of black pastoralism and urban realism which simply replay anew Irish drama’s steadfast preoccupation with issues of Irish nation and history—Carr’s Portia Coughlan and McGuinnessObserve the Sons of Ulster Marching Towards the Somme “play” with gender and sexual difference effectively dislodging the political terrain of Ireland from issues of nation and partition.   Recalibrating the division(s) of Ireland to the logic of gender and sexuality, Carr and McGuinness work the remainders or excesses of gender and sexual binaries and suggest that the “Irish” anxiety of misrepresentation is an anxiety best explored through the fractures of the personal and subjective.   Twining images of dismemberment with notions of sexual transgression also suggests that sexual difference presents a split or gap unbridgeable via performance.

 

 

Kristina Quynn

Michigan State University

ReDismemberment

Q: Why does Sparagmos sound so much like Asparagus? A: Because both make an animal so much easier to eat.

But if you're one of the fifty-percent of the human population whose urine smells like sulphur after eating asparagus, you may want to skip the asparagus and stick with the sparagmos. Hence, a theory, sparagmos is the asparagus of S-methyl-thioacrylate secreters.

Not surprisingly, 3500 years of Western drama have not failed to register this issue. Among those characters who chose sparagmos over asparagus are Medea and Clytaemnestra, Ian (in Sarah Kane's BLASTED), Len and his friends (in Edward Bond's SAVED), and Stevie (in Edward Albee's THE GOAT, OR, WHO IS SYLVIA?).

This paper sets out to explore the tradition of ritual dismemberment, and poses the question of whether characters engaging in sparagmos are, in fact, S-methyl-thioacrylate secreters--a hitherto uninvestigated possibility--or dismemberment brokers desire through forgetting, repression, and trauma--a dead horse deserving a first carving rather than a second beating.

Craig N. Owens

Drake University

 


DisRememberment

 

We tend to focus our models of dramatic tragedy on Oedipus, given the primacy of patriarchal models in our culture.  But The Bacchae's dismemberments offer a different economy of tragedy which may compete not so much as tragedy but as a model for a different way of understanding dramatic genres.  Our inability to "remember" Bachus's Dismemberment has everything to do with our inability to see alternatives to binary tropes of emotion in drama itself.  Our "disrememberment" of Bacchus dismemberment, thus, underwrites an unremembering of tragedies alternatives. What happens when we "remember" Bacchus?

 

Judith Roof

Michigan State University