Women in Literature: Marrying High and Low from Lydia Maria Child to Oprah

Chair: Karlyn Crowley

St. Norbert Coll.

karlyn.crowley@snc.edu

 

“In Some Country of Our Own”:  The Fantasy of a Miscegenated Nation

Alice Rutkowski

SUNY-Geneseo

www.geneseo.edu/~rutkowsk

 

This paper will examine four women writers writing after the Civil War, Lydia Maria Child, Rebecca Harding Davis, Anna Dickinson and Frances E. W. Harper.  Their texts from early Reconstruction veer into increasingly radical territory, particularly in the love plots they represent.  Although antebellum literature did depicted interracial romances, most often it was through the figure of the black woman as the stereotypical “tragic mulatta.”  The Reconstruction novels depict miscegenetic unions in radically different configurations:  mixed-race women often figure centrally, as before, but are more complex and less tragic; and more radically, white women are matched with black men, a relation which in a few short years becomes the racist justification for widespread violence against black men.  The three white writers also employ a neat formal trick to make the idea of a romantic alliance with the average freed slave – visibly black, poor and uneducated – more palatable.  Instead of tracing a single romance in their novels, they depict two: one interracial romance between a white lover and a middle-class, educated, light-enough-to-pass black individual; and one romance which incorporated working-class whites.  Disengaging the issues of class and race made the solution of intermarriage as a cure for racial prejudice seem more feasible.

 

Publicizing Eleanor Porter's Boy Book

Amy Blair

Marquette University

amy.blair@marquette.edu

 

Though Eleanor Porter's _Pollyanna_(1913) and _Pollyanna Grows Up_(1914) had been runaway best-sellers for the author and her first publisher, L. C. Page, her second publisher, Houghton Mifflin, did not have the same success with her next novel, _Just David_(1916).  Perhaps readers who had been drawn to a sunny little girl were not interested in an eponymous male hero; in any case, four months after the initial publication of _David_, Houghton began an aggressive promotional campaign soliciting letters from readers testifying to the way the book had been an "inspiration" in their lives.  Houghton received over four hundred letters in response, a trove of problematic testimonials for scholars of historical reception studies.  In this presentation, I will address the letter-writing competition from the publisher's perspective, focusing on the initial campaign and on the letters that were publicized as the winning entries.  _Just David_'s brief life on the bestseller lists had ended by March 1917 when the contest winners were announced, but the three winning letters were carefully selected and molded by Houghton to serve the new Porter novel and their Spring 1917 list.  More intriguingly, the three "winning" letters abandon the idea of engaging young boys as the audience for a male Pollyanna, carefully appealing to both rural and urban(e) adult women readers, to the romance reader and to the fan of "realism. "  Furthermore, one of the letters makes an explicit plea for the U. S. entry into World War I--a stance likewise supported by other fiction and nonfiction on Houghton's spring list.  That the "originals" of the winning letters are not extant among Porter's papers (where over 400 other entries are housed) or in any of the Houghton archives stokes speculation about the ways the goals for the competition changed over the course of nine months, and provides an entry into considerations of the methodological challenges posed in analyzing the "genuine" entries.

 

Soul Work: Oprah and the Black New Age

Karlyn Crowley

St. Norbert Coll.