Walt Whitman: A Current Bibliography
1991

This bibliography last revised February 11, 2004.
Please report errors and omissions to wwqr@uiowa.edu.

Abbe, Mary. "Walt Whitman's work inspires woodblock prints by Larkin." Minneapolis Star Tribune (January 31, 1991), 1-ex, 8-ex. [About Minneapolis exhibition (called "Flag of My Disposition") of Eugene Larkin's monoprints inspired by "Song of Myself"; includes illustrations of two of the works.]

Akers, Philip. The Principle of Life: A New Concept of Reality Based on Walt Whitman's "Leaves of Grass." New York: Vantage Press, 1991. [Building on Richard Maurice Bucke's Cosmic Consciousness, Akers offers a reading of the universe loosely based on physics and mystical traditions, then offers a reading of Whitman's poems that conforms to his theory.]

Alcaro, Marion Walker. Walt Whitman's Mrs. G: A Biography of Anne Gilchrist. Rutherford: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, and London: Associated University Presses, 1991.

Allen, Gay Wilson. "History of My Whitman Studies." Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 9 (Fall 1991), 91-100. [Provides an account of the author's long involvement in Whitman scholarship, including the writing of the Walt Whitman Handbook, The Solitary Singer, and the editing of Collected Writings of Walt Whitman.]

Arthur, Gavin. "The Gay Succession." In Winston Leyland, ed., Gay Roots: Twenty Years of Gay Sunshine (San Francisco: Gay Sunshine Press, 1991), 323-325. [Reprints Gavin Arthur's recollection of his sexual encounter with Edward Carpenter, and Carpenter's claim that he had sex with Whitman; with photos of Whitman, Carpenter, Arthur, on p. 322. Reprinted from Gay Sunshine Journal [1978].)

Aspiz, Harold. Review of Ezra Greenspan, Walt Whitman and the American Reader. Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 9 (Fall 1991), 101-104.

Aspiz, Harold. Review of M. Jimmie Killingsworth, Whitman's Poetry of the Body. ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes, and Reviews 4 (April 1991), 98-100.

Asselineau, Roger. "L'Acclimatation des Feuille d'Herbe de Walt Whitman." Poesie 91 #40 (December 1991), 41-46.

Asselineau, Roger. "My Discovery and Exploration of the Whitman Continent (1941-1991)." Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 9 (Summer 1991), 15-23. [Provides an account of the author's involvement in Whitman scholarship, including his early recognition of Whitman's homosexuality and the writing of L' Evolution de Walt Whitman (The Evolution of Walt Whitman).]

Asselineau, Roger. Review of Edwin Haviland Miller, ed., Selected Letters of Walt Whitman. Etudes Anglaises 44 (October/December 1991), 479.

Babington, Douglas. Review of Kenneth Price, Whitman and Tradition. Canadian Review of American Studies 22 (Summer 1991), 130-132.

Bart, Barbara, ed. Starting from Paumanok 6 (Spring 1991). [Newsletter of Walt Whitman Birthplace Association, containing news items and notes of interest to WWBA members.]

Bart, Barbara M., ed. Starting from Paumanok 6 (Winter 1991). [Walt Whitman Birthplace Association news and events, with one essay, listed separately in this bibliography.]

Bauerlein, Mark. Whitman and the American Idiom. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1991.

Benfey, Christopher. "Telling It Slant." The New Republic 204 (March 18, 1991), 35-40. [Includes review of Michael Moon, Disseminating Whitman.]

Bergman, David. Gaity Transfigured: Gay Self-Representation in American Literature. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1991. [Chapter 3, "Choosing Our Fathers: Gender and Identity in Whitman, Ashbery, and Richard Howard," 44-63, views gay poets' "attempts to resolve the problem of the social construction of a gay poetic selfhood," beginning with Whitman, whose "genius is not that he was able to establish a gay identity . . . but that he points out the difficulties so clearly"; Bergman reads Calamus as "a moving portrait of psychosexual isolation against which [Whitman's] grandiosity is clearly a strategy to prevent the most profound depression."]

Berman, Russell A. "Poetry for the Republic: Heine and Whitman." In Peter Uwe Hohendahl and Sander L. Gilman, eds., Heinrich Heine and the Occident (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1991), 199-223. [Offers "parallel readings of Heine and Whitman" to investigate "the utopian challenge of a democratic literature," noting that both poets "were deeply engaged in the construction of a democratic culture, and both were committed to the transformation of the prevailing institution of lyric verse in such a way so as to explore the possibility of a genuine poetry for the republic"; concludes that "Heine and Whitman play an important role in the formation of fascist aesthetics, as objects of negation."]

Berndt, Fredrick. A List of Composers of "Whitman Music." N.p.: Walt Whitman Music Library, 1991. [Alphabetical listing of 479 composers who have written music based on Whitman's poetry.]

Bohan, Ruth L. Review of Jessica Haigney, Walt Whitman and the French Impressionists. Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 9 (Fall 1991), 108-110.

Bosch, Javier Yagüe. "Aquí y allí de las barbas de Whitman: un dibujo de García Lorca." FGL (Madrid, Spain) no. 9 (June 1991), 77-117. [In Spanish.]

Brown, Bryce Dean. "Whitman's Failures: 'Children of Adam' in the Light of Feminist Ideals." M.A. thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. [Argues that "Children of Adam" is an exception to Whitman's usual strongly feminist sympathies. MAI 29 (Winter 1991), 549.]

Brown, Susan. "The Whitman/Pessoa Connection." Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 9 (Summer 1991), 1-14. [Explores Whitman's impact on Pessoa by showing how Whitman precipitated Pessoa's creation of his personae, Campos and Caero.]

Butterfield, R. W. (Herbie). Review of Kenneth Price, Whitman and Tradition. Journal of American Studies 25 (December 1991), 515-517.

Cahill, Patrick France. "Walt Whitman and the Nineteenth Century's Visual Enterprise." Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1991. [Uses theories of Gombrich and Lukács to study "Whitman's pictorial image" in relation to various cultural developments: nineteenth- century landscape painting, the "mechanization of craft labor," photography, the assembly line, and "luminist landscapes." DAI 52 (January 1992), 2550A.]

Cameron, Ann M. "Whitman's 'Starting from Paumanok.'" Explicator 49 (Winter 1991), 86. [Extended reading of the poem as "a journey that began in Paumanok and that has extended to eternity."]

Chappell, Fred. "Ancestors." Chronicles (March 1991), 17-26. [Short story about government-produced simulacra ("sims") of Civil War veterans who visit a modern couple to talk of their war experiences; Walt Whitman--here called "Wade Wordmore"--is one very garrulous sim.]

Collom, Jack. "Poems Based on 'This Compost.'" In Ron Padgett, ed., The Teachers & Writers Guide to Walt Whitman (New York: Teachers & Writers Collaborative, 1991), 174-181. [How Whitman's poem "can bring some fresh air to the subject" of ecology, with samples of college students' poems based on the idea that "life rises out of 'ugliness.'"]

Conarroe, Joel, ed. Six American Poets. New York: Random House, 1991. ["Walt Whitman" (1-67) reprints selections from Whitman's poetry; with an introduction by Conarroe, 3-8.]

Cook, Albert. "The Transformation of 'Point': Amplitude in Wordsworth, Whitman, and Rimbaud." Studies in Romanticism 30 (Summer 1991), 169-188. [Investigates the "pragmatic situation" and rhetorical structures of the poems of these three writers, arguing that, in Whitman, "The very audience is being defined and in a sense created as its members are being collectively addressed." Whitman works away from literary "point" ("the verbal exhibition of modesty of self-containment and of skill by condensation") and toward journalistic "amplitude" ("at least an impression of amplitude, an impression that much has been commmunicated, although in a little space").]

Costanzo, Angelo. Review of Ezra Greenspan, Walt Whitman and the American Reader. Choice 28 (June 1991), 1160.

Cravens, Gwyneth. "Past Present." Nation 252 (April 15, 1991), 497-498. [Review of Walt Whitman, Complete Poetry and Collected Prose (Library of America), with extended comments on Specimen Days.]

Cruz, Carlos. "Whitman: El dolor de San Patricio." El Nacional [Mexico City] 2 (June 17, 1991), Suplemento Juvenil, A, D. [Interview with Charles Shively about Whitman and Mexican-American War; in Spanish.]

Dacey, Philip. "Harry Stafford: Whitman at Timber Creek." Southern Review 27 (July 1991), 670-673. [Poem.]

Dacey, Philip. "The Burial." Paintbrush 18 (Autumn 1991), 17. [Poem about death of Whitman's nephew in 1876.]

Darras, Jacques, trans. "Feuilles d'Herbe: Petit compendium portatif a l'usage des foules whitmaniennes choisi et traduit par Jacques Darras." Poesie 91 #40 (December, 1991), 9-16. [French translations of seven sections from "Song of Myself."]

Darras, Jacques. "Walt Whitman: le passeur." Poesie 91 #40 (December 1991), 7. [Introductory note for special Whitman section of this issue.]

DeGruson, Gene. "Walt Whitman Erratum: BAL 21415." Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America 85 (June 1991), 180-181. [Corrects an entry in the BAL concerning lines from "Europe" that Whitman printed in The Kansas Memorial (1880).]

Dickie, Margaret. Review of M. Jimmie Killingsworth, Whitman's Poetry of the Body. Modern Language Review 86 (April 1991), 419-420.

Dickstein, Morris. "The City as Text: New York and the American Writer." TriQuarterly (Winter 1991-92), 183-205. [Overview of how American writers have represented New York, with suggestions (186 190) about how Whitman "made the eddying flow of the crowd not simply the subject of his work but one of its formal principles," thus becoming "the poet of urban euphoria."]

Donnelly, Daria Louise. "The Beautiful Estate: Loss, Compensation and Consolation in Nineteenth-Century American Poetry." Ph.D. Dissertation, Brandeis University, 1991. [How Longellow, Bryant, Emerson, Dickinson, and Whitman "take up the task of consolation and create culture out of death," while discovering the ways "representation makes it possible for one person to console another in the absence of cosmological assurance." DAI 52 (August 1991), 537A.]

Downey, Charlotte. "Direct and Indirect Variation in Walt Whitman's Style." Starting from Paumanok 6 (Winter 1991), 1-2. [How Whitman's "language patterns express his messages through mathematical concepts."]

Dvorak, Angeline Godwin. "A Response to Nature: Prelude to Walt Whitman." CEA Critic 54 (Fall 1991), 58-61. [About how to use a writing assignment involving students' "response to nature" in order to enhance "the sophistication of the students' reading of Leaves of Grass."]

Engell, John. Review of Donald D. Kummings, ed., Approaches to Teaching Whitman's "Leaves of Grass." Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 9 (Summer 1991), 33-36.

Essmann, Helga, and Armin Paul Frank. "Translation Anthologies: An Invitation to the Curious and a Case Study." Target: International Journal of Translation Studies 3 (1991), 65-90. [Tracks "the fate of Poe . . . and Whitman" in "600-odd German anthologies containing specimens of American literature."]

Fagin, Larry. "I Hear Chevrolets Parking: Using 'I Hear America Singing' as a Model." In Ron Padgett, ed., The Teachers & Writers Guide to Walt Whitman (New York: Teachers & Writers Collaborative, 1991), 50-55. [Samples of elementary school children's poems inspired by Whitman's poem.]

Finch, Annie Ridley Crane. "The Metrical Code and the Fate of Iambic Pentameter in American Poetry." Ph.D. Dissertation, Stanford University, 1991. [Chapter on how Whitman's iambic pentameters are "a source of poetic authority." DAI 52 (July 1991), 161A.]

Fletcher, Angus. "Whitman and Longfellow: Two Types of the American Poet." Raritan 10 (Spring 1991), 131-145. [Examination of how these two poets "carved out two distinct tracks between which American poets have since been forced to choose," even though "the easiest distinctions between these two poets turn out to be less stable than at first appears to be the case"; Fletcher's goal is "to reinstate" Longfellow as a major poet "without at the same time deprecating his massive opposite."]

Folsom, Ed. "'Affording the Rising Generation an Adequate Notion': Whitman in Nineteenth-Century Textbooks, Handbooks, and Anthologies." In Joel Myerson, ed., Studies in the American Renaissance / 1991 (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1991), 345-374. [Analyzes how Whitman was represented in the first American literature textbooks, and how early textbook-writers "were channeling Whitman into safe measure" at the same time that they were inscribing him as a remarkable part of the emerging institution of American literature.]

Folsom, Ed. "Leaves of Grass, Junior: Whitman's Compromise with Discriminating Tastes." American Literature 63 (December 1991), 641-663. [Examines Whitman's complicity in the publication of the four expurgated editions of Leaves that appeared during his lifetime.]

Folsom, Ed. "Recircuiting the American Past." In Jack Myers and David Wojahn, eds., A Profile of Twentieth-Century American Poetry (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1991), 1-24. [Uses Whitman's "democratic rendering of tradition" as a tool for resurrecting forgotten sources of American poetry.]

Folsom, Ed. Review of M. Jimmie Killingsworth, Whitman's Poetry of the Body. Philological Quarterly 70 (Summer 1991), 399- 401.

Folsom, Ed. "Whitman's Apocryphal 'Star-and-Stripes Necktie.'" Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 9 (Summer 1991), 26-27. [Presents a forgotten piece of journalism from a January, 1892, issue of The Advertiser entitled "Walt Whitman's Fad," which claims (mistakenly) that Whitman used to wear a stars-and-stripes necktie in New York and offers Horace Traubel's notes regarding Whitman's reaction to the story.]

Folsom, Ed. "Whitman's Editions of Leaves of Grass Complete at Iowa." The University of Iowa Libraries Newsletter 19 (January 1991), 1, 6. [Brief history of the 1856 edition of Leaves, a copy of which was recently acquired by the University of Iowa.]

Fortenberry, George. Review of Edwin H. Miller, Walt Whitman's Song of Myself: A Mosaic of Interpretations. A.L.R.: American Literary Realism 1870-1910 24 (Fall 1991), 95-96.

Galt, Margot Fortunato. "Writing Civil War Ballads from Photographs and Whitman's Words." In Ron Padgett, ed., The Teachers & Writers Guide to Walt Whitman (New York: Teachers & Writers Collaborative, 1991), 151-173. [Extended classroom exercise involving isolating key phrases from Whitman's Civil War writings and fashioning them into modern ballads about the war; with student examples.]

Gilbert, Roger. Walks in the World: Representation and Experience in Modern American Poetry. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991. [A section of "Introduction: A Walk Is a Poem, A Poem Is a Walk" is entitled "Whitman and Thoreau," 45-48, and views these writers as "mark[ing] two extreme possibilities" for the genre of the "walk poem": future poets "who want to explore the possible relations between poem and walk" will have to negotiate between Whitman's "lyrical intensity" and Thoreau's "experiential particularity."]

Greene, Roland Arthur. Post-Petrarchism: Origins and Innovations of the Western Lyric Sequence. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991. [Chapter 3, "Two Ritual Sequences: Taylor's Preparatory Meditations and Whitman's Leaves of Grass," 109-152, investigates Whitman's contribution to the "post-Petrarchan lyric sequence" by viewing the 1855 Leaves as "a model for a newly ritual poetics of the lyric sequence," and finds Whitman to be "the Petrarch of his mode," creating "a master-text of lyric possibilities."]

Greenspan, Ezra. Review of Michael Moon, Disseminating Whitman. Nineteenth-Century Literature 46 (December 1991), 416-418.

Grünzweig, Walter. "Adulation and Paranoia: Eduard Bertz's Whitman Correspondence (1889-1914)." The Gissing Journal 27 (July 1991), 1-20. [Introduction discussing Bertz's relationship to Whitman, Horace Traubel, and other German Whitmanites, with nine annotated letters from Bertz to Whitman, Traubel, and Johannes Schlaf; this is the first of three installments of Bertz materials.]

Grünzweig, Walter. "Adulation and Paranoia: Eduard Bertz's Whitman Correspondence. The Letters (concluded)." The Gissing Journal 27 (October 1991), 16-35. [Part two of three installments of Bertz materials; this section includes six annotated letters from Bertz to W.C. Rivers concerning Whitman and homosexuality, and Bertz's dedication to Johannes Schlaf in an offprint of Bertz's Walt Whitman: Ein Charakterbild.]

Grünzweig, Walter. Walt Whitmann: Die deutschsprachige Rezeption als interkulturelles Phänomen [Walt Whitman's Reception in German Speaking Countries as an Intercultural Phenomenon.] München: Wilhelm Fink, 1991. [In German.]

Gurganus, Alan. White People. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1991. [Collection of short stories; "Reassurance," pp. 181-190, begins with Whitman's 1865 letter to Civil War soldier Frank H. Irwin's mother, telling her of Irwin's death, and is followed by Gurganus's imagined letter from the dead soldier to his mother.]

Gutman, Huck. Review of David Kuebrich, Minor Prophecy. Journal of the American Academy of Religion 59 (Summer 1991), 406-409. [Corrected entry.]

Herman, Barbara Brown. "Pleasures of Heaven, Pains of Hell, Intimations of Immortality: Remembrance, Repression and Reconciliation in Wordsworth and Whitman." Ph.D. Dissertation, Texas Christian University, 1991. [Explores differences "between the ways in which Whitman and Wordsworth choose to embody the epic and prophetic in their writings" via their use of the figure of "an ascending circle: from Innocence through Experience to Higher Innocence." DAI 52 (October 1991), 1330A.]

Herreshoff, David Sprague. Labor into Art: The Theme of Work in Nineteenth-Century American Literature. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1991. [Chapter 5, "Working and Loafing in Whitman's U.S.A." (117-139), discusses "Whitman's poetry of work" and concludes that while the poet "celebrates leisure" he also "sanctifies work."]

Hodder, Harbour Fraser. "In the Middle Voice: Philologies of Poesis in Dickinson, Whitman, and Hopkins." Ph.D. Dissertation, Harvard University, 1991. [Dickinson, Whitman, and Hopkins as "recluse, 'comrade,' and priest," all critiquing "sexual reproduction in their figurations of poesis, foregrounding its ascetic aspect," and all engaging "in another eros--philology ('love of speech')"; the commentary on Whitman focuses on the "reflexive, performative form" of "Song of Myself."]

Hodson, Joel. Review of Donald D. Kummings, ed., Approaches to Teaching "Leaves of Grass". American Studies International 29 (April 1991), 94-95.

Howe, Irving. "The Self in Literature." Salmagundi no. 90-91 (Spring 1991), 56-77. [Discusses "the idea of the self" as dependent on "the presence of liberalism" in modern culture, and tracks the idea in Rousseau's Confessions, Wordsworth's Prelude, and Whitman's "Song of Myself" (where "the idea of self takes on its most benign expressions and copious modes").]

Hutchinson, Stuart. The American Scene: Essays on Nineteenth Century American Literature. New York: St. Martin's, 1991. [Chapter 5, "Whitman: Leaves of Grass" (73-93), views the poetry as an attempt to articulate the relationship between self and the New World.]

Hutchinson, Stuart. Review of Kenneth Price, Whitman and Tradition. Notes and Queries 38 (December 1991), 564.

Hyman, Martin D. "'Where the Drinkers & Laughers Meet': Pfaff's: Whitman's Literary Lair." Seaport 26 (Spring 1991), 56-61. [A description of Pfaff's beer cellar and its clientele, especially during the couple of years (1859-1862) that Whitman frequented the place.]

Kane, Paul. Review of Ezra Greenspan, Walt Whitman and the American Reader. Journal of American History 78 (December 1991), 1075-1076.

Karp, David Lawrence. "Death at the Birth of Leaves of Grass: Domestic and Morbid Imaginings in Walt Whitman's Writing, 1839-1856." Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Washington, 1991. [Using theories of Jacques Lacan, Robert Lifton, and Julia Kristeva, investigates how Whitman "criticizes the quasi-religious vocabulary by which mid-nineteenth century popular American culture conflated family life and the world beyond the grave, without abandoning its sentimentality," with a focus on the "troubling legacy of Whitman's family romance," his evasion of "homosexual pleasure" in "The Sleepers," the "morbid urban world" of Franklin Evans, the "physical sublimity" of "To Think of Time," and the "protective aspect of domesticity and the satisfactions of the eros" in "Song of Myself." DAI 52 (November 1991), 1747A.]

Kepos, Paula, ed. Nineteenth-Century Literature Criticism. Detroit: Gale Research, 1991. Volume 31. ["Walt Whitman," 357-448, contains excerpts from criticism on Leaves of Grass from 1855 to 1990; includes short overview of Whitman's career (357-358), early Unsigned review (by Whitman) of Leaves (358-359), excerpts from "A Backward Glance O'er Travel'd Roads" (365-368), and excerpts from previously published books or essays by Richard Maurice Bucke (359-365), Havelock Ellis (368-373), Louis Untermeyer (373-374), T.S. Eliot (374-375), Malcolm Cowley (375-378), John Berryman (378-385), Walter Allen (385-386), James E. Miller, Jr. (386- 394), Kenneth Rexroth (394-395), Jorge Luis Borges (395-401), William White (401-405), Galway Kinnell (405-410), Robert K. Martin (410-417), Harold Bloom (417-419), Stephen A. Black (419 425), Allen Ginsberg (425-435), Howard Moss (435-438), and Ezra Greenspan (438-446); also includes annotated bibliography of "Further Reading" (446-448).]

Kinnell, Galway. Galway Kinnell Reads Walt Whitman. Washington, DC: Watershed Tapes, 1991. [Cassette recording of Kinnell reading excerpts from "Song of Myself" and six other poems.]

Knapp, Ronald. "Of Life Immense: The Poetic Vision of Walt Whitman." Religious Humanism 25 (Winter 1991), 26-32. [An attempt to "give an overview of Whitman's ideas in a brief space," with a focus on his religious/prophetic vision.]

Koch, Kenneth. "Teaching 'Song of Myself' to Children." In Ron Padgett, ed., The Teachers & Writers Guide to Walt Whitman (New York: Teachers & Writers Collaborative, 1991), 45-49. [How children can emulate Whitman's style, tone, and themes, with samples of Whitman-like poems by sixth- graders.]

Krieg, Joann P. Review of Dennis Berthold and Kenneth Price, eds., Dear Brother Walt. Long Island Journal of History 3 (Spring 1991), 271-272.

Lenhart, Gary. "Whitman's Informal History of His Times: Democratic Vistas & Specimen Days." In Ron Padgett, ed., The Teachers & Writers Guide to Walt Whitman (New York: Teachers & Writers Collaborative, 1991), 130-150. [A reading of Whitman's prose as "a marvelous informal history of nineteenth-century America," with suggestions for student writing assignments.]

Li Shiqi. "Whitman's Internationalist Poems." Wenyi Bao [Literature and Art] (March 23, 1991), 4. [Brief article examining some of Whitman's poems that deal with the theme of internationalism.]

Lindberg, Kathryne V. "Whitman's 'Convertible Terms': America, Self, Ideology." In Bainard Cowan and Joseph G. Kronick, eds., Theorizing American Literature: Hegel, the Sign, and History (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1991), 233-268. [Examines the relationship between Hegel's philosophy and Whitman's beliefs, suggesting that "Whitman gave a name to the tendences and ideas that one might have recognized as Hegelian anyway; certain words, including spirit, self, and history, already bore Hegel's signature"; also argues that in Whitman's "special plea for the primacy of the individual in American culture" he subscribes to "a certain Western ideology that yet finds its grounding in a philosophical tradition for which Hegel remains an important signatory."]

Liu Mingge and Xinle Cai. "A General Review: Comments on The Collection of Essays on "The Leaves" by Western Critics." Nandu Xuekan [Academic Forum of Nandu (Social Sciences Edition)] (1991), no. 1, 72-77. [Review and summary of Milton Hindus, ed., Walt Whitman: The Critical Heritage; in Chinese.]

Logan, William Bryant. "Teaching 'The Sleepers' to Younger Children." In Ron Padgett, ed., The Teachers & Writers Guide to Walt Whitman (New York: Teachers & Writers Collaborative, 1991), 68-70. [Suggestions for using Whitman's poem to get elementary school students inspired about strong verbs and action words; with samples of student poems.]

Logan, William Bryant. "Whitman's Own Way: The Poet as Role Model." In Ron Padgett, ed., The Teachers & Writers Guide to Walt Whitman (New York: Teachers & Writers Collaborative, 1991), 79-83. [Short hagiography of Whitman as "a model of what a Real Man should be."]

Loving, Jerome. Review of Michael Moon, Disseminating Whitman. Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 9 (Fall 1991), 104-107.

Malpartida, Juan. Review of Walt Whitman, Hojas de Hierba (translated and with a preface by Jorge Luis Borges). Cuadernos Hispanoamericanos #497 (November 1991), 150.

Martin, Eutimio. "Federico Garcia Lorca et Walt Whitman." Poesie 91 #40 (December 1991), 47-52.

Martin, Judy. "Heralding a Golden Age." The Fairfield [Iowa] Source (November 1991), 19. [How Maharishi International University is carrying out Whitman's "predictions for the Midwest" as the future "center of the American union."]

Martin, Ronald E. American Literature and the Destruction of Knowledge: Innovative Writing in the Age of Epistemology. Durham: Duke University Press, 1991. [Chapter 2, "Walt Whitman and the World Beyond Rationalism," 16-30, is "a study of Whitman's knowledge-myth" and of the "variety of techniques Whitman developed for destroying [conventional] knowledge and developing new pathways of knowing," finally affirming "that knowing is a fluid, manifold endeavor."]

Maslan, Mark. "Whitman's 'Strange Hand': Body as Text in Drum Taps." ELH 58 (Winter 1991), 935-955. [Argues for a new view of "the relation between body and text in Whitman" where "Whitman's body and his text become identical not because his text is like a body, but instead because his body, like his text, represents something other than what it materially is."]

Mazzaro, Jerome. "In and Out from Whitman's Shadow." Sewanee Review 99 (Autumn 1991), 608-623. [Review of several books dealing with Whitman' influence, including Thomas B. Byers, What I Cannot Say; Thomas Gardner, Discovering Ourselves in Whitman; Kenneth Price, Whitman and Tradition; and Jeffrey Walker, Bardic Ethos and the American Epic Poem.]

McCarthy, Colman. "Worth Going to Bat For." Washington Post (April 13, 1991), Op/Ed 19. [Argues for why Washington, DC, deserves a major league baseball team, and suggests reasons for naming the team after Whitman.]

Miller, Edwin Haviland, ed. "The Correspondence of Walt Whitman: A Second Supplement with an Updated Calendar of Letters Written to Whitman." Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 8 (Winter/Spring 1991). [Collects the Whitman letters that have appeared after the first supplement to The Correspondence (1977); with an Introduction (1-3) and a revised and expanded "Calendar of Letters Written to Whitman" (43-96).]

Miller, Edwin Haviland, ed. The Correspondence of Walt Whitman: A Second Supplement with an Updated Calendar of Letters Written to Whitman. Iowa City: Walt Whitman Quarterly Review Press, 1991. [Book version of preceding entry.]

Miller, Jr., James E. Review of Thomas B. Byers, What I Cannot Say; Thomas Gardner, Discovering Ourselves in Whitman; and Jeffrey Walker, Bardic Ethos and the American Epic Poem. Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 9 (Summer 1991), 36-44.

Moon, Michael. Disseminating Whitman: Revision and Corporeality in "Leaves of Grass." Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1991.

Mulcaire, Terence Michael. "Democratic Aesthetics in Nineteenth Century American Culture." Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, 1991. [Argues that "Nathaniel Hawthorne, Walt Whitman and Stephen Crane drew their aesthetic standards from a 19th-century American society that already conceived of itself in aesthetic terms." DAI 53 (November 1992), 1519-A.]

Mullins, Maire. "L'écriture féminine and Leaves of Grass." Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Notre Dame, 1991. [Examines "the issues of feminine sexuality and eroticism in Leaves of Grass using the reading strategies of French critics and writers, particularly those of Hélène Cixous and Luce Irigaray." DAI 51 (June 1991), 4123A.]

Murrell, John. Democracy. Winnipeg: Blizzard Publishing, 1991. [A play about Whitman, Emerson, Pete Doyle, and a blind Union soldier named Jimmy; takes place on a single day in July 1863 by a pond near Washington, D.C.]

Myerson, Joel. Whitman in His Own Time: A Biographical Chronicle of His Life, Drawn from Recollections, Memoirs, and Interviews by Friends and Associates. (Detroit: Omnigraphics, 1991). [Volume 1 of Writers in Their Own Time series.]

Nathanson, Tennie. Review of Betsy Erkkila, Whitman the Political Poet. Modern Philology 89 (August 1991), 138-142.

Olney, James. The Language(s) of Poetry: Walt Whitman, Emily Dickinson, Gerard Manley Hopkins. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1993. [Three lectures delivered at Georgia Southern University in October, 1991, as the second annual Averitt Lectures: "Sprung Rhythm, Common Meter, and the Barbaric Yawp" (1 43); "Tropes of Presence, Tropes of Absence" (44-91); and "Making Strange" (92-137). Whitman figures prominently in all three lectures.]

Padgett, Ron. "Walt Whitman the Teacher." In Ron Padgett, ed., The Teachers & Writers Guide to Walt Whitman (New York: Teachers & Writers Collaborative, 1991), 112-115. [Short note on Whitman as a schoolteacher and his "humanistic approach to education."]

Padgett, Ron, ed. The Teachers & Writers Guide to Walt Whitman. New York: Teachers & Writers Collaborative, 1991. [With Preface, ix-xiii, "Other Ideas for Teaching and Writing," 182-185, a chronology of Whitman's life, 194-196, and annotated list of "Whitman Resources," 197-205, all by Padgett. Essays, most very brief, by fifteen poets about teaching Whitman's work from kindergarten through college. Several of the essays are reprinted or revised: Allen Ginsberg, "Taking a Walk through Leaves of Grass," 1-35 (originally in Jim Perlman, Ed Folsom, Dan Campion, eds., Walt Whitman: The Measure of His Song [1981]); Jim Berger, "Whitman's Long Lines," 40-44 (originally in Teachers & Writers 19, no. 3); Kenneth Koch, "Teaching 'Song of Myself' to Children," 45-49 (excerpted from his book Rose, Where Did You Get that Red? [1973]); Allen Ginsberg, "My High School English Teacher," 125 (originally in Teachers & Writers 17, no. 3); Langston Hughes, "The Ceaseless Rings of Walt Whitman," 126-129 (reprinted from I Hear the People Singing [1946]); and Dave Morice, "The Adventures of Whitman" (comic strip), 186-193 (reprinted from his Poetry Comics [1982]). Also reprints three articles by Whitman from Brooklyn Daily Eagle under the title "Whitman on Education," 116 124. Original essays appearing in the book are listed separately in this bibliography. Reviewed in this issue.]

Pisanti, Tommaso. "Religgere Whitman." Critica Letteraria 19 (1991), 707-723. [Rereading Whitman, reconfirming Leaves as mainly a "language experiment," and analyzing Whitman's "super-subjective I" ("io-supersoggettivo") and his lack of intersubjectivity; in Italian.]

Porte, Joel. In Respect to Egotism: Studies in American Romantic Writing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991. [Chapter 9, "Whitman: 'Take Me as I Am or Not at All. . . .'" (229-242), analyzes Whitman's "theory of the entirely competent and emblematic likeness" by viewing William Michael Rossetti's 1868 expurgated edition of Whitman, by analyzing Whitman's comments on Lincoln's physiognomy, and by examining Whitman's emphasis on "physiology" over "physiognomy." An interchapter, "Walt and Emily" (243-249), looks at the "curious way . . . Whitman and Dickinson have long been linked in critical opinion" and at how the two poets were both "eccentric autodidacts."]

Price, Kenneth M. "Walt Whitman, Free Love, and The Social Revolutionist." American Periodicals 1 (Fall 1991), 70-82. [Examines The Social Revolutionist, published in 1856-57, and looks at Whitman's annotated copy of one of the issues of this free-thought journal, viewing Whitman's early career "against the backdrop of the free love movement."]

Price, Kenneth M, and Cynthia G. Bernstein. "Whitman's Sign of Parting: 'So long!' as l'envoi." Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 9 (Fall 1991), 65-76. [Offers a close reading of Whitman's "So Long!" in the context of the poetic tradition of l'envoi, concluding that "So Long!" is "a sign of parting that represents not an ending but a threshold where the past and the future meet."]

Price, Kenneth M. Review of James Perrin Warren, Walt Whitman's Language Experiment. Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 9 (Summer 1991), 28-30.

Quayum, M. A. "Emerson, Whitman, and the Double Consciousness." The Aligarh Critical Miscellany [India] 4 (November 1991), 188 213. [Argues that, despite the accusations against Emerson and Whitman of "one-sidedness, excessive idealism, philosophic utopianism and sheer mysticism," the two writers in fact embrace "dialogue and double consciousness, coordination and balance, unity and equilibrium, mediation, moderation and middle ground."]

Rietz, John. "Another Whitman Photograph: The Gurney and Rockwood Sessions Reconsidered." Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 9 (Summer 1991), 24-25. [Presents a previously unpublished photograph of Whitman, providing background information and examining the problems of attributing various photos to specific photographers.]

Rizzo, Patrick. "Kosmos Whitman, Cosmological Cosmogonist." Eyepiece [Journal of the Amateur Astonomers Association of New York] 37 (December 1991), 1-3. [How Whitman anticipated the Anthropic Principle, "a principle that is now being seriously discussed in almost all new books on scientific cosmology written by science writers."]

Rowe, John Carlos. "Whitman and Dickinson." In David J. Nordloh, ed., American Literary Scholarship: An Annual 1989 (Durham: Duke University Press, 1991), 63-80. [Review of Whitman scholarship published in 1989, 63-73.]

Ruland, Richard, and Malcolm Bradbury. From Puritanism to Postmodernism: A History of American Literature. London and New York: Routledge, 1991. [Section IV of Chapter 5, "Yea- saying and nay-saying" (143-149), is about Whitman's "ideal of large embrace" and his "essentially avant-garde" aims.]

Sanchez-Eppler, Karen. "Touching Liberty: Abolition, Feminism and the Politics of the Body from the Sentimental to the Lyric." Ph.D. Dissertation, Johns Hopkins University, 1991. [Chapter Two argues that "Whitman draws upon American slavery in order to represent his poetic goal of singing the body," a body "in which all political differences can be reconciled." DAI 51 (June 1991), 4124A.]

Sarracino, Carmine. "Whitman's Passage to More Than India." The Indian Literary Review, 7 (January, April, October 1991), 37-43. [Offers "an approach to Whitman's mysticism based upon a model of consciousness derived from Vedic Science" and reads the "rondure" of "Passage to India" as "ultimately the self-referential circle of transcendence."]

Schmidt, Philip E., director. Walt Whitman: Sweet Bird of Freedom. Irwindale, CA: Barr Films, 1991. [29-minute film focusing on "an aging Walt Whitman, portrayed by actor Dallas McKennon." Available for purchase ($295) from Barr Films, PO Box 7878, Irwindale, CA 91706-7878.]

Sherrill, Helen Cecil. "The Quality of Childhood Consciousness and Its Significance." Ph.D. Dissertation, Emory University, 1991. [This psychology dissertation explores the "original quality of childhood consciousness" and offers Whitman as "a model of wholeness reinstated, who is able to communicate its quality through his poetry." DAI 52 (October 1991), 2342B.]

Shively, Charley. "Big Buck and Big Lick: Abe Lincoln & Walt Whitman." In Winston Leyland, ed., Gay Roots: Twenty Years of Gay Sunshine (San Francisco: Gay Sunshine Press, 1991), 125-137. [Posits that the "lives and poetry of the Westerner and the Manhattan rough echo each other," and that Lincoln and Whitman share "a community of discourse common to males who lived together--an echo homoerotic and homosexual." Reprinted from Shively's Drum Beats [1989]).

Shurr, William H. "Walt Whitman's Leaves of Grass: The Making of a Sexual Revolution." Soundings 74 (Spring/Summer 1991), 101-128. [A reading of the 1855 Leaves as "a Manifesto of Sexual Liberation. . . . Whitman presented the mid-Victorian reader with a vividly descriptive and totally celebratory survey of human sexuality."]

Sill, Geoffrey. Review of M. Jimmie Killingsworth, Whitman's Poetry of the Body. Journal of the History of Sexuality 2 (July 1991), 124-125.

Snodgrass, W.D. "Pulse and Impulse." Southern Review 27 (July 1991), 505-521. [Discusses how Whitman's poetic techniques have served Snodgrass as a model for own poetry, with comments on Whitman's ability to "establish a rhythm which he then treats much like a musical theme for a set of variations."]

Spencer, Janet Jeffries. "Walt Whitman at Doane?" Doane Magazine 66 (Spring 1991), 17. [About Carrol Peterson's one-man performance of Whitman as part of the Great Plains Chautauqua Society.]

Statman, Mark. "Poet of the Crowd." In Ron Padgett, ed., The Teachers & Writers Guide to Walt Whitman (New York: Teachers & Writers Collaborative, 1991), 76-78. [About the comforting effects of reading Whitman while in Central and South America.]

Strassburg, Robert, ed. The Walt Whitman Circle (Fall 1991). [First issue of "a quarterly newsletter of the Leisure World Walt Whitman Circle," with news and information about Circle activities and about Whitman activities worldwide.]

Suberchicot, Alain. "L'Homoerotisme de Walt Whitman." Poesie 91 #40 (December 1991), 36-39.

Tanner, S. L. Review of James Perrin Warren, Walt Whitman's Language Experiment. Choice 28 (January 1991), 780.

Thomas, M. Wynn. Review of Graham Clarke, Walt Whitman: The Poem as Private History. Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 9 (Summer 1991), 30-32.

Turco, Lewis. The Public Poet: Five Lectures on the Art and Craft of Poetry. Ashland, OH: Ashland Poetry Press, 1991. [Lecture 1, "Whitman and I" (1-19), contrasts Whitman's "Mannahatta" with Turco's own poem about New York City, "The City's Masque," and goes on to argue that "Whitman knew he was writing prose poems, not something called 'free verse.'"]

Uemura, Morito. "'A Voice from the Sea': Whitman's 'A Word Out of the Sea' and Swinburne's 'Thalassius' and 'On the Cliffs.'" Studies in English Literature [Tokyo] 68 (September 1991), 75-87. [Suggests that two Swinburne poems "were written under a fairly distinct reflection or influence of Whitman's 'A Word Out of the Sea.'"]

Vernon, John. Peter Doyle. New York: Random House, 1991. [Novel covering the years 1821-1886, involving the interplay between Whitman, Emily Dickinson, Peter Doyle, and Napoleon's penis turned-relic; "I have shamelessly mixed history and fiction," says the author in an afterword, "in a speculative attempt to correct history's minor errors while accurately describing its major ones." The fictional Whitman in this novel is made up of pieces from his poems, letters, and conversations with Horace Traubel. Contains the complete (fictional) correspondence between Whitman and Dickinson.]

Villa, Guido. A Homage to Walt Whitman 1892-1992. Milan: Contafili, 1991. [Boxed set of four miniature volumes, with drawings by Guido Villa and selections of Whitman's poetry edited by Luigi Sampietro; limited edition of 499.]

Waldman, Anne. "The 'I' Is Another." In Ron Padgett, ed., The Teachers & Writers Guide to Walt Whitman (New York: Teachers & Writers Collaborative, 1991), 71-75. [Brief meditation on reading "The Sleepers" "with feelings and senses open."]

Whitman, Walt. Demokratiske Visioner. Copenhagen: Gyldendals Kulturbibliotek, 1991. [Danish translation of Democratic Vistas by Annette Mester; foreword by Villy S›rensen (pp. 5- 13, in Danish).]

Whitman, Walt. Foglie d'erba. Edited and translated by Giuseppe Conte. Milan: Modadori, 1991. [Translation into Italian of Leaves; introduction by Conte, 5-12.]

Whitman, Walt. Foglie d'erba. Translated by Roberto Sanesi. Verona: Edizioni del Paniere, 1991. [New edition of Sanesi's 1985 Italian translation of Leaves, with an introduction by Sebastiano Saglimbeni.]

Whitman, Walt. Hojas de hierba. Translated and with a preface by Jorge Luis Borges. Barcelona: Lumen, 1991.

Whitman, Walt. I Hear America Singing. New York: Putnam/Philomel, 1991. [Children's book, reprinting Whitman's poem, with linoleum cut illustrations by Robert Sabuda.]

Whitman, Walt. Kobieta Czeka na Mnie [A Woman Waits for Me]. Translated by Andrzej Szuba. Kraków: W-M, 1991. [Translation into Polish of over sixty short Whitman poems, with English texts and drawings by Maria Filek.]

Whitman, Walt. Leaves of Grass. Translated by Zhao Luorui. 2 vols. Shanghai: Shanghai Translations Press, 1991. [Foreign Literary Masterpieces Series; in Chinese.] Whitman, Walt. Selected Poems. New York: Dover, 1991. [A one-dollar "Dover Thrift Edition" of "24 representative and highly regarded poems."] Whitman, Walt. "Seven Poems." In Winston Leyland, ed., Gay Roots: Twenty Years of Gay Sunshine (San Francisco: Gay Sunshine Press, 1991), 138-140. [Prints seven Whitman poems in versions that include "gay restorations"; reprinted from Charley Shively, Calamus Lovers [1987]).

Wilson, Rob. American Sublime: The Genealogy of a Poetic Genre. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1991. [Chapter 6, "Walt Whitman: The American Sublime as 'Song of Myself,'" pp. 134-166, looks at the ways Whitman, by "subsuming national grandeur and unity into a single citizen" and by "finding an American aura of power everywhere," actually "became the American sublime in 1855": "Whitman's sublime assumes and affirms the accumulation of concrete Americana in overstuffed, Sears, Roebuck-like catalogues with a glee that is fully material."]

Winship, Michael, ed. Bibliography of American Literature. Volume Nine: Edward Noyes Westcott to Elinor Wylie. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991. ["Walt Whitman" entry (28-103) contains some major bibliographic clarifications. Section I: "Primary books in first or revised edition; books containing first book publication of Whitman works, including contributions to the books of others" (28-68); Section II: "Printed slips of Whitman texts or texts by others produced for Whitman for promotional purposes" (69- 88); Section III: "Reprinted Whitman books, collections and selections of reprinted Whitman material . . . published during the 19th century" (89-93); Section IV: "Books by authors other than Whitman containing reprinted Whitman material" (94-97), and "References and ana" (97-103).]

Wohlpart, A. James. "From Outsetting Bard to Mature Poet: Whitman's 'Out of the Cradle' and the Sea-Drift Cluster." Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 9 (Fall 1991), 77-90. [Examines the theme of immortality in "Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking," situating the poem in the larger context of the Sea-Drift cluster; argues that because previous readings have "attempted to see in that poem the full growth of the poet, the richness of the cluster as a whole has been lost."]

Worsley, Dale. "Crafty Lures: Using Whitman's 'There Was a Child Went Forth.'" In Ron Padgett, ed., The Teachers & Writers Guide to Walt Whitman (New York: Teachers & Writers Collaborative, 1991), 56-67. [Suggestions for teaching Whitman's poem to third- and sixth-graders in New York City, with samples of student-written imitations.]

Wortham, Thomas. Brief notice of Kenneth Price, Whitman and Tradition, and James Perrin Warren, Walt Whitman's Language Experiment. Nineteenth-Century Literature 46 (December 1991), 437, 438.

Xu Ximing and Limin Song. "Whitman and Black Poets." Huanghai Xuekan [Journal of Huanghai (Social Sciences Edition)] (1991), no. 2, 74-79. [Examines the relation between Whitman and black American poets, with an emphasis on Whitman's influence on African-American writers.]

Yingling, Tom. "Whitman among the Critics." Lesbian and Gay Studies Newsletter (November 1991), 36-37. [Review of Michael Moon, Disseminating Whitman.]

Yoshizaki, Kuniko. Whitman Jidai o Ikiru [Whitman—Lives in Timeless Eras]. Tokyo:Kaibunsha, 1992. [Chapters include “Whitman’s Early Poems Prior to Leaves of Grass,” “The Theme of Love in Whitman’s Early Fiction,” “The Journalistic Aspects of Whitman’s Fiction,” “Whitman’s Notebooks Prior to Leaves of Grass,” “Oriental Sources of Whitman’s Work,” “Whitman’s Soul in the Light of Zen,” “The Theme of Death in Leaves of Grass,” “Whitman’s ‘Passage to India’: Completion of the Circumnavigation,” “Whitman’s Americanism,” “Whitman and the Frontier,” “The Image of Women in Whitman’s Work”; in Japanese.]

Zavatsky, Bill. "Teaching Whitman in High School." In Ron Padgett, ed., The Teachers & Writers Guide to Walt Whitman (New York: Teachers & Writers Collaborative, 1991), 84-111. [Includes a reminiscence of the author's introduction to Whitman, a "grand list" of the twenty most representative characteristics of Whitman's poetry, ideas for having students write imitations of Whitman's verse, some paper assignments about Whitman, a short survey of how other poets have viewed and used Whitman, and an annotated bibliography.]

Zhao Luorui. "Translation, A Difficult Business--Some Reflections on Han Guiliang's Article on My Translation of 'Song of Myself.' Chinese Translators Journal [Beijing] 4 (1991), 53-58. [In Chinese.]

Unsigned. Brief notice of Michael Moon, Disseminating Whitman. University Press Book Review 3 (June 1991), 36.

Unsigned. "Conversations" (Spring 1991). [Newletter of Walt Whitman Association, containing news items and reprinted pieces of interest to WWA.]

Unsigned. "In Translation." University of Chicago Magazine (February 1991), 40. [About Lucy Chen's Chinese translation of Leaves of Grass and her perception of Whitman's stature in China today.]

Unsigned. Review of Donald D. Kummings, ed., Approaches to Teaching Whitman's "Leaves of Grass." American Literature 63 (September 1991), 597.

Unsigned. "Unique Copy." Thomas A. Goldwasser: Rare Books, Catalogue 1 (n.s., [1991]), item 158. [Copy of 1855 Leaves of Grass described and listed for $15,000.]