Walt Whitman: A Current Bibliography
1993

This bibliography last revised July 30, 2001.
Please report errors and omissions to wwqr@uiowa.edu.

Abrams, Sam, ed. The Neglected Walt Whitman: Vital Texts. New York: Four Walls Eight Windows, 1993. [Collects 65 poems, fragments, and prose pieces by Whitman that are usually not included in editions of his work.]

Allen, Gay Wilson. Review of Horace Traubel, With Walt Whitman in Camden, vol. 7. American Literature 65 (September 1993), 582-583.

Allen, Irving Lewis. The City in Slang: New York Life and Popular Speech. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993. [The first four sections of Chapter 8, "Social Types in City Streets," 189-196, use Whitman's essay "Broadway" to trace a "bestiary of urban street types."]

Asselineau, Roger. "Leaves of Grass: Censure et Auto-censure." Inter Space [University of Nice] no. 7 (1993), 3-11. [In French.]

Asselineau, Roger. Review of Mark Bauerlein, Whitman and the American Idiom. Etudes Anglaises 46 (April-June 1993), 237.

Bart, Barbara Mazor, ed. Starting from Paumanok 8 (Winter 1993). [Newsletter of Walt Whitman Birthplace Association, West Hills, Long Island; contains news of WWBA activities, and one article and a review, both listed separately in this bibliography.]

Bart, Barbora Mazor, ed. "A Whitman Fan." New York Times (October 24, 1993), Section 8, p. 11. [Brief letter commenting on former National Football League player Timm Rosenbach's knowledge of Whitman, as evidenced by his use of the phrase "barbaric yawps."]

Bart, Barbara, ed. Starting From Paumanok 8 (Spring 1993); 10 [sic] (Fall 1993). [Newsletter of the Walt Whitman Birthplace Association, with news of Association activities, including the announcement of Adrienne Rich as the WWBA 1993 Poet-in-Residence, and the report that New York State has appropriated funds for the building of a Visitor Center at the Walt Whitman Birthplace.]

Berndt, Fredrick, ed. The Bulletin of the Walt Whitman Music Library no. 4 (November 1993); no. 5 (December 1993). [Contains news and information about composers of Whitman- inspired music: the November issue has a profile of Joelle Wallach (2), reprints a 1908 review of Frederick Delius's "Sea Drift" (3), reprints a statement by Virgil Thomson (4), and contains an assessment by Robert Strassburg of Robert Faner's Walt Whitman and Opera (4); the December issue reprints Whitman's early poem "The Love That Is Hereafter," which was set to music by Norwegian composer Morten Gaathaug.]

Berndt, Fredrick, ed. The Bulletin of The Walt Whitman Music Library no. 1 (August 1993); no. 2 (September 1993); no. 3 (October 1993). [New newsletter about the Walt Whitman Music Library (345 Arguello Blvd., No. 307, San Francisco, CA 94118), with news of composers of Whitman music; inaugural issue contains a facsimile of Whitman's "Prayer of Columbus" as it appeared in the 1874 Harper's; second issue includes a reprint of New Rorem's 1972 New Republic review of Robert Faner's Walt Whitman & Opera; third issue contains a memorial for Whitman composer Michael Hennagin (1936- 1993).]

Birmingham, William. "Whitman's Song of the Possible American Self." Cross Currents 43 (Fall 1993), 341-357. [Suggests that "religious Americans might profit spiritually from a committed reading" of "Song of Myself," and goes on to offer such a reading, "one in which, having suspended disbelief, readers allow themselves to experience the text as meaningul aesthetic event, bringing to bear only later their critical faith practice."]

Birney, Alice Lotvin. "Whitman to C. W. Post: A Lost Letter Located." Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 11 (Summer 1993), 30-31. [Presents a newly located lost letter of Whitman's and offers a brief history of its recipient, the dry-cereal manufacturer C.W. Post.]

Bloom, Harold. "To the Tally of My Soul: Whitman's Image of Voice." In Phillip Lopate, ed., The Ordering Mirror: Readers and Contexts (New York: Fordham University Press, 1993), 42-71. [Reprints Bloom's 1980 Bennington lecture focusing on "When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd" and proposing that the word tally "may be Whitman's most crucial trope or ultimate image of voice."]

Branch, Watson. Review of Mark Bauerlein, Whitman and the American Idiom. Notes and Queries 40 (September 1993), 401-402.

Buckley, J. F. "Transcendental Subjectivity: Desire and Protean Gender in the Social Criticism of Fuller, Whitman, Melville, and Dickinson." Ph.D. Dissertation, Ohio State University, 1993. [Explores how these writers conceive "of gender as mutable and multiple within any one subject rather than fixed and bipolar"; contends that Whitman "engages in a hermeneutic of fluid gendering." DAI 54 (November 1993), 1800A.]

Burnette, Margo Malden, ed. Conversations (Fall 1993). [Newsletter of the Walt Whitman Association, with news of WWA activities; this issue reprints a 1923 Camden Daily Courier editorial about the dedication of Whitman's Camden house as a memorial museum (1) and prints the four winning poems from the WWA high school poetry contest (2-3).]

Burrell, Todd. "Pablo Neruda and Walt Whitman." Concourse 6 (1993), 41. [Brief note on how Neruda and Whitman "share a common topos"; Burrell's own translation of Neruda's "Ode to Walt Whitman" follows on pp. 42-45.]

Butterfield, R. W. Review of Ezra Greenspan, Walt Whitman and the American Reader. Modern Language Review 88 (January 1993), 180 181.

Butterfield, R. W. Review of Geoffrey Sill and Roberta Tarbell, eds., Walt Whitman and the Visual Arts, and Mark Bauerlein, Whitman and the American Idiom. Journal of American Studies 27 (April 1993), 126-127.

Ceniza, Sherry. Review of Joyce W. Warren, Fanny Fern. Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 11 (Fall 1993), 89-95.

Clemente, Vince. "Father of My Spirit." Starting From Paumanok 10 (Fall 1993), 1. [Memorial tribute to John Ciardi, focusing on his experience as the Walt Whitman Birthplace's Poet-in-Residence in 1984 and quoting Ciardi's "last word on Walt Whitman."]

Clemente, Vince. "With Whitman at West Hills." ELF 3 (Fall 1993), 48-52. [Reminiscences of the Whitman Birthplace and of poets (William Heyen, John Ciardi, William Stafford, Dennis Brutus) who visited there, and one (Paul Engle) who never made it to West Hills.]

Clements, Brian. "Pacts Whitmana." Concourse 6 (1993), 25-32. [Pastiche of various poets' comments on Whitman and the nature of poetry.]

Cohen, Susan. Guide to the William D. Bayley Walt Whitman Collection. Delaware, Ohio: Ohio Wesleyan University, 1993. [Pamphlet describing the Bayley Whitman collection at Beeghly Library, Ohio Wesleyan University: "I. The Book Collection" (2); "II. Manuscripts and Memorabilia" (3-11); and "III. Photographs and Illustrations" (12-13); contains facsimiles of selected manuscripts and photos.]

Cohen, Tom. "Only the Dead Know Brooklyn Ferry: The Inscription of the Reader in Whitman." Arizona Quarterly 49 (Summer 1993), 23-51. [Offers a reading of "Crossing Brooklyn Ferry" that asks, "Where, in routinely constructing 'Whitman,' do we overlook a rupture in the address itself, one irreducible to explanations available through some dissenting tradition relying on an image of the anti-social Whitman?"; goes on to ask "where a self-division preceding mimesis and in the voice that we tend to suppress rewrites the vatic ferryman as a sort of scriptive, and knowing, Charon," turning the poem into a work about "the metatextual relation of (future) reading to the temporal event of inscription": "To read Whitman's 'face to face' at face value is to miss its open logic of defacement, inscription, and, indeed, readerly ambush or rap(tur)e."]

Cologne-Brookes, Galvin. Review of Ezra Greenspan, Walt Whitman and the American Reader. Review of English Studies 44 (May 1993), 288-289.

Costanzo, Angelo. Review of John Schwiebert, The Frailest Leaves: Whitman's Poetic Technique and Style in the Short Poem. Choice 30 (September 1993), 199.

Crain, Caleb. "Gay Glue." New Republic 208 (May 10, 1993), 16. [Suggests what the gay movement can learn from Whitman's notions about loving comradeship.]

Cummings, Glenn N. Review of Mark Bauerlein, Whitman and the American Idiom. American Literature (March 1993), 154-155.

Cushman, Stephen. Fictions of Form in American Poetry. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993. [Chapter 2, "Walt Whitman's Six Children" (25-41), discusses Whitman's "formal practices," his "fiction of a nationally appropriate form," and the implications of his "promotion of nationality over formalism."]

Dean, Paul W., ed. "A Celebration of Walt Whitman." Concourse [State University of New York at Binghamton] 6 (1993). [Special issue on Whitman, with preface by Dean (3), a translation of Federico Garcia Lorca's "Ode to Walt Whitman" (by Dean Rader, 35 38), a translation of Antonio Machado's "The Crime Was in Granada" (by Gerry Crinnin, 39-40), a translation of Pablo Neruda's "Ode to Walt Whitman" (by Todd Burrell, 42-45), along with two original poems and five articles, each listed separately in this bibliography.]

Dean, Susan. Review of Philip Callow, From Noon to Starry Night. Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 10 (Spring 1993), 213- 217.

Dean, Lance. "'O so loth to depart!': Whitman's Reluctance to Conclude." ATQ 7 (March 1993), 77-90. [Argues that "since Whitman viewed his poetry as organic and democratic, the problem of concluding presented a technical, as well as thematic, challenge"; traces the ways Whitman "resists conclusion."]

Deleuze, Gilles. "Whitman." In Critique et Clinique (Paris: Editions de Minuit, 1993), 75-80. [Essay on Comme des baies de genvrier (French translation of Specimen Days); in French.]

Dickie, Margaret. Review of Michael Moon, Disseminating Whitman. Modern Language Review 88 (April 1993), 416-417.

Dizikes, John. Opera in America: A Cultural History. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993. ["Interlude: Walt Whitman," 184-188, claims that "Opera's greatest contribution to American culture in the nineteenth century was the poetry of Walt Whitman"; summarizes Whitman's experience with and love of opera, suggesting that it gave him "part of his vocabulary" and helped him "understand the nature of poetry."]

Dougherty, James. Walt Whitman and the Citizen's Eye. Baton Rouge: Lousiana State University Press, 1993.

Eiselein, Gregory. "Humanitarian Works: Writing, Reform, and Eccentric Benevolence in the Civil War Era." Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Iowa, 1993. [Investigates the "dramatic changes" in humanitarian projects of the mid-nineteenth century, focusing on those humanitarians who "urged 'eccentric' styles of helping which undid the hierarchy between humanitarian 'agents' and those helped ('patients')"; Chapter 5, "Whitman and the Humanitarian Possibilities of Lilacs," "demonstrates how Whitman reshaped mourning conventions to create a less coercive consolation." DAI 54 (January 1994), 2577A.]

Eiselein, Gregory. "Whitman and the Humanitarian Possibilities of Lilacs." In Jack Salzman, ed., Prospects 18 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993), 51-79. [Investigates Sequel to Drum-Taps in its historical context as an exercise in "grief, mourning, and consolation," and as an "uncommonly suggestive example of Whitman's dialogue with his culture," especially in terms of "the consolatory practices that appeared during and after the war."]

Erkkila, Betsy. Review of David Kuebrich, Minor Prophecy: Walt Whitman's New American Religion. American Literature 65 (December 1993), 794-795.

Ferlazzo, Paul J. Review of M. Jimmie Killingsworth, The Growth of "Leaves of Grass." Choice 31 (September 1993), 118-119.

Ferlazzo, Paul J. Review of Tenney Nathanson, Whitman's Presence. Choice 30 (February 1993), 963.

Finch, Annie. The Ghost of Meter: Culture and Prosody in American Free Verse. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1993. [Chapter 3, "Iambic and Dactylic Associations in Leaves of Grass" (31-56), suggests how "Whitman developed connotations for the dactylic rhythm that persist throughout the rest of the nineteenth and into the twentieth centuries"; also explores Whitman's use of "the embedded pentameter" and "the metapentameter."]

Folsom, Ed. "An Uncollected Whitman Prose Manuscript." Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 11 (Fall 1993), 103.

Folsom, Ed. Review of M. Jimmie Killingsworth, The Growth of Leaves of Grass. Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 11 (Summer 1993), 37-40.

Folsom, Ed. "Walt Whitman." Iowa Journal of Communication 25 (1993), 103-107. [Summarizes Whitman's response to Lincoln's Gettysburg Address and offers a pastiche of Whitman's comments as an answer to Lincoln's speech.]

Folsom, Ed. Review of Cyril Greenland and John Robert Colombo, eds., Walt Whitman's Canada. Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 10 (Spring, 1993), 218-220.

Folsom, Ed. Review of Collectors Reprints facsimile of 1855 Leaves of Grass. Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 10 (Winter 1993), 160-162.

Fredman, Stephen. The Grounding of American Poetry. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993. [Chapter 6, "Conclusion," part 1, "Endlessly Rocking: Creeley and Whitman on Repetition," 131-139, pairs "a projectivist poet with a transcendentalist, placing Robert Creeley's later writing against the background of Walt Whitman's 'Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking'" to demonstrate how both poets share "a method of confronting groundlessness by the 'sometimes endless gathering' activities of repetition and return."]

French, Roberts W. Review of Sam Abrams, ed., The Neglected Walt Whitman. Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 11 (Fall 1993), 84-86.

Gannon, Frank. "I Hear America Swinging." New York Times Magazine (November 28, 1993), 94. [Whimsical essay imagining Whitman as a big band leader during the swing era.]

Goodblatt, Chanita. "Walt Whitman and Uri Zvi Greenberg: Voice and Dialogue, Apostrophe and Discourse." Prooftexts: A Journal of Jewish Literary History 13 (September 1993), 237- 251. [Offers an extended rhetorical comparison of Whitman and the Hebrew poet Greenberg (1895-1981), with a focus on two pairs of poems: "Crossing Brooklyn Ferry" and Yerushalayim shel matah; "Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking" and Emah gedolah veyareah.]

Gould, Christopher. "Reading about the Poet." Washington Blade (March 5, 1993), 51. [Review of Byrne Fone, Masculine Landscapes, and Philip Callow, From Noon to Starry Night.]

Graham, Jorie. Materialism. Hopewell, NJ: Ecco, 1993. [Book of poetry punctuated with excerpts from "Crossing Brooklyn Ferry," x-xi, 108.]

Graham, Rosemary. "Solving 'All the Problems of Freedom': The Case of the 1860 Leaves of Grass." ATQ 7 (March 1993), 5-23. [Examines the 1860 edition of Leaves as a "literary utopia," a kind of text that "arises in moments of significant economic and cultural change" and attempts "to provide an increasingly divided nation with a unifying fiction"; focuses on "Proto-Leaf" and "Chants Democratic 4."]

Greenberg, Robert M. Splintered Worlds: Fragmentation and the Ideal of Diversity in the Work of Emerson, Melville, Whitman, and Dickinson. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1993. [Chapter 5, "Personalism and Fragmentation in Whitman's Leaves of Grass," 121-149, is concerned with "Whitman's poetic response to segmentary and atomistic fragmentation," and investigates "four variants of Personalism in Whitman's poetry between 1855 and 1860: mystic/mythic Personalism, in which he tries to merge optically with other fragments; homosexual Personalism, in which he tries to escape his isolation by merging with other lonely 'atoms'; tragic Personalism, in which he accepts loss of love as being as inevitable as death; and fragmentary Personalism, in which he comes to terms with the condition of man as a fragment in a contingent universe."]

Greenland, Cyril, and John Robert Colombo, eds. Walt Whitman's Canada. Willowdale, Ontario: Hounslow Press, 1993. [Gathers and annotates documents connected with Whitman's 1880 trip to Canada, including Whitman's diary, information on Dr. R. M. Bucke and Flora MacDonald Denison, and materials dealing with the formation of the Walt Whitman Fellowship; published as a "QuasiBook" in report form, cerlox bound.]

Greenspan, Ezra. Review of Tenney Nathanson, Whitman's Presence. American Literature 65 (December 1993), 792-793.

Grier, Edward F. Review of Robert K. Martin, ed., The Continuing Presence of Walt Whitman. American Literature 65 (June 1993), 372-373.

Griffin, Larry D. "Barbaric Yawp as Autobiography." In John H. Morgan, ed., The Cloverdale Review of Criticism and Poetry 1992/93 (Bristol, IN: Cloverdale Library, 1993), 101-117. [Views "Song of Myself" as autobiography, with special attention to how Whitman faces "the paradox of individual and community."]

Grossman, Jay. "Breaking Bounds: A Whitman Centennial Celebration." Conversations (Spring 1993), 1-3. [Summary of Whitman conference held in October 1992 at University of Pennsylvania.]

Grossman, Jay. Review of Byrne Fone, Masculine Landscapes: Walt Whitman and the Homoerotic Text. American Literature 65 (December 1993), 793-794.

Grossman, Jay. Review of Robert K. Martin, ed., The Continuing Presence of Walt Whitman. Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 10 (Winter 1993), 154-160.

Grünzweig, Werner. "Propaganda der Trauer: Kurt Weills Whitman Songs." In Kim H. Kowalke and Horst Edler, eds., A Stranger Here Myself: Kurt Weill Studien (Hildesheim and New York: Georg Olms, 1993), 297-313. [Examines how the composers Othmar Schoeck in World War I and Kurt Weill in World War II both used Whitman's Drum-Taps to explore the role of the masses in wartime, and argues that Weill's Whitman Songs resisted propagandistic uses; in German.]

Gudis, Catherine, ed. From this Soil. Berkeley: Nature Company, 1993. [Selection of Whitman poems, with introduction by Brian Edwards, and photographs by various photographers, including Ansel Adams, Harry Callahn, and Imogene Cunningham.]

Hawes, David P. "Whitman's Leaves of Grass." Explicator 51 (Summer 1993), 224-226. [Offers an explanation of Whitman's use of the word "quits" in "Who Learns My Lesson Complete."]

Heath, W. G. Review of Robert K. Martin, ed., The Continuing Presence of Walt Whitman. Canadian Review of American Studies 23 (Fall 1993), 249-251.

Heffernan, Thomas Farel. "Walt Whitman in Trimming Square." Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 11 (Summer 1993), 32-34. [Describes the location of historic "Trimming Square" where Whitman taught in 1839 and 1840 and offers a photograph of the school building.]

Herrero Brasas, Juan Antonio. "Walt Whitman's Mystical Ethics of Comradeship." Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Southern California, 1993. [Views Whitman as a "genuine reformer" and examines how his "new morality of comradeship is a sophisticated attempt to liberate certain aspects of male behavior from their marginal status and into the habitual." DAI 56 (September 1995), 982A.]

Hong Zhengguo. "Body, Beauty in W. Whitman's Leaves of Grass." Waiguo Wenxue Yanjiu [Foreign Literature Studies] (1993), no. 3, 22-27. [Studies Whitman's poems on "body" and "beauty" and places his treatment of these themes in historical context; in Chinese.]

Huang, Guiyou. "Cross Currents: American Literature and Chinese Modernism, Chinese Culture and American Modernism." Ph.D. Dissertation, Texas A&M University, 1993. [Chapter 2, "Passage to China: Whitmanism and Twentieth Century Chinese Literature"; Chapter 3, "The Visible and Invisible Ties: The American Bard and Chinese Intellectuals"; Chapter 4, "The Poltical Complex: The Bourgeois Democratic Poet and Chinese Marxist Critics," and Chapter 7, "The Circulation of Cultures--Whitmanism, Imagism, and Modernism in China and America" investigate Whitman's poetic influence on Chinese literature and the Chinese appropriation and adaptation of Whitman's political thought and ideology. DAI 54 (June 1994), 4441A.]

Hummer, T.R. "Walt Whitman in Hell." Kenyon Review 15 (Summer 1993), 20-32. [Poem in Whitman's voice: "O I freely confess it now: America, / I was wrong. I am only slightly larger than life. / I contain mere conspiracies."]

Hutchinson, George B. Review of Betsy Erkkila, Whitman the Political Poet. Resources for American Literary Study 19 (1993), 137-140.

James, C.L.R. American Civilization. Ed. Anna Grimshaw and Keith Hart. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 1993. [This is the first publication of this book manuscript by James, originally written around 1950. Chapter 2, "The American Intellectuals of the Nineteenth Century," contains a section called "Walt Whitman" (51-67), arguing that Whitman was the poet of "Individualism, Romanticism in the United States" and represents "the opposite pole to Melville." This section of the book was published in another version as a separate essay, "Whitman and Melville," in Anna Grimshaw, ed., The C.L.R. James Reader (Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 1992), 202-219.]

Jones, Rodney. "Moment of Whitman." In Apocalyptic Narrative and Other Poems (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1993), 38-39. [Poem containing a contemporary catalogue of Americans, invoking "Walt Whitman, snow-jobber and cataloguer of American dreams, demographer of miracles."]

Kessler, Milt. "Milt Kessler on Walt Whitman." Concourse 6 (1993), 5-10. [Ruminations on Whitman and on "The Sleepers," excerpted from Kessler's 1992 video-cassette talk on Whitman (Walt Whitman: The Centennial).]

Killingsworth, M. Jimmie. Review of Philip Akers, The Principle of Life. Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 10 (Winter 1993), 162-164.

Killingsworth, M. Jimmie. The Growth of "Leaves of Grass": The Organic Tradition in Whitman Studies. Columbia, SC: Camden House, 1993. [Parallels between Whitman's continuous revision of Leaves and critics' "organic" approaches to Leaves.]

Kirby, David. Review of Sam Abrams, ed., The Neglected Walt Whitman. Library Journal 118 (June 1, 1993), 124.

Kirchdorfer, Ulf. "Whitman's Debt to the Muse." Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 10 (Winter 1993), 149-153. [Discusses Section 11 of "Song of Myself" in the context of Whitman's identification of femininity with a mythological muse.]

Knapp, Bettina. Walt Whitman. New York: Continuum, 1993. [A volume in the Continuum "Literature and Life: American Writers" series.]

Knight, Denise D. "'With the first grass-blade': Whitman's Influence on the Poetry of Charlotte Perkins Gilman." Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 11 (Summer 1993), 18-29. [Examines Whitman's influence on the poetry of Charlotte Perkins Gilman, compares and contrasts the authors, and offers readings of some of Gilman's poems.]

Krieg, Joann P. "Centenary Celebration." Starting from Paumanok 8 (Winter 1993), 1-2. [Review of Whitman Centennial actitities at the Whitman Birthplace.]

Krieg, Joann P. "Walt Whitman in the Public Domain: A Tale of Two Houses." Long Island Historical Journal 6 (1993), 83-95. [Narrates the convoluted stories of how Whitman's birthplace in West Hills, Long Island, and his Mickle Street home in Camden, New Jersey, came to be publicly owned historical sites.]

Kummings, Donald D. Review of James Dougherty, Walt Whitman and the Citizen's Eye. Choice 30 (June 1993), 1623.

Kummings, Donald D. Review of Philip Callow, From Noon to Starry Night. Choice 30 (January 1993), 789.

Kummings, Donald D. Review of A. S. Ash, ed., The Original 1855 Edition of "Leaves of Grass." Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 11 (Fall 1993), 86-89.

Larsen, Ide Hejlskov. "Nature and the Unconscious in the American Renaissance." Man & Nature Working Paper 26 (May 1993) [Odense University, Denmark]. [Discusses the "underlying values related to the concepts of nature and the unconcious" in works by Emerson, Whitman, Melville, Hawthorne, and Dickinson, seeing Whitman and Emerson as writers "who stick to and idealize a pastoral image of nature" and thus "seem to adhere to a divine idea of the unconscious"; the section on Whitman, "Whitman's Pastoral Garden of Eroticism Purified," is on pp. 15-23.]

Lauterbach, Ann. "What Is the Grass: Notes Leading Up to and Away from Walt Whitman." American Letters & Commentary 5 (1993), 46-59. [Musings about Section 6 of "Song of Myself," demonstrating "that simple questions have multiple, complex answers."]

Li, Xilao. "Walt Whitman and Asian American Writers." Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 10 (Spring 1993), 179-194. [Explores Whitman's attitudes toward Asian Americans and reads the work of several Asian American writers--including Sadakichi Hartmann, Yone Noguchi, Lin Yutang, Younghill Kang, Carlos Bulosan, Garrett Hongo, and Maxine Hong Kingston--in the context of Whitman's poetry and vision of democracy.]

Li, Xilao. "The Song of the Ethnic Self: An Affinity Study of Walt Whitman and Ethnic American Writers." Ph.D. Dissertation, State University of New York at Stony Brook, 1993. [Investigates "the affinity between Whitman and writers from Native, African, Mexican, Jewish and Asian American groups and treats the relationship as an intriguing dialogue that has been going on from Whitman's time to the present"; DAI 54 (November 1993), 1805A.]

Loewen, Nancy. Walt Whitman. Mankato, MN: Creative Editions, 1993. [Children's book, with short biography of Whitman, selection of photographs of the poet, and selections of his work; illustrated by Rob Day.]

Loving, Jerome. Lost in the Customhouse. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1993. [Chapter 7, "Whitman's Idea of Women," 109-124, discusses the ways in which Leaves is "essentially a woman's book," especially in Whitman's focus on female fecundity, on "the woman's becoming a mother"; the "Epilogue," 211-218, discusses Loving's experiences teaching Whitman in France in 1989.]

Loving, Jerome. Review of Tenney Nathanson, Whitman's Presence. Nineteenth-Century Literature 48 (December 1993), 376-377.

Loving, Jerome. "Emory Holloway and the Quest for Whitman's 'Manhood.'" Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 11 (Summer 1993), 1-17. [Explores the academic life of Emory Holloway in relation to his Whitman scholarship and places in context Holloway's statements about Whitman's sexuality; documents Holloway's reception of the Valentine manuscript of "Once I Pass'd through a Populous City."]

Marcus, Mordecai. "'Crossing Brooklyn Ferry': Whitman's Sexual Dying into Eternity." Literature and Psychology 39 (1993), 121-134. [Offers a sexual reading of Whitman's imagery, viewing the poem as a record of "Whitman's struggles to both conceal and reveal his homosexual orientation," and finding "as much pain as joy" in this "self-cathartic" work.]

Martin, Robert K. Review of Walter Grünzweig, Walt Whitmann: Die deutschsprachige Rezeption als interkulterelles Phänomen. Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 11 (Fall 1993), 82-84.

Mir, Pedro. Countersong to Walt Whitman and Other Poems. Washington, DC: Azul Editions, 1993. Trans. Jonathan Cohen and Donald Walsh. [A bilingual edition of Mir's Contracanto a Walt Whitman--canto a nosotros mismos (1952), with an introduction by Silvio Torres-Saillant and a foreword by Jean Franco.]

Mulcaire, Terry. "Publishing Intimacy in Leaves of Grass." ELH 60 (Summer 1993), 471-501. [Reads the relationship between Whitman's readers and Whitman's book as "at once deeply alienated and erotically intimate," very much a product of the "era of the mass production of books under the conditions of capitalism"; examines how Whitman embraces "the constraints of a market society . . . as the basis for new relations between author and audience instituted by the mass marketplace, new standards of poetic publication rising out of the alienation built into the commodity form of the mass-produced book," standards that require readers to "relate his book at once as a product of a mass technology and as a person."]

Mullins, Maire. "Leaves of Grass as a Woman's Book." Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 10 (Spring 1993), 195-208. [Argues that "Leaves can be read as a 'woman's book,' but that this must be done from a different critical perspective than has thus far been taken" and goes on to use the strategies of Hélène Cixous to read Whitman's poems, focusing upon "Crossing Brooklyn Ferry," "The Sleepers," and Section 11 of "Song of Myself."]

Munk, Linda. "Giving Umbrage: The Song of Songs Which Is Whitman's." Journal of Literature and Theology 7 (March 1993), 50-65. [Argues that "some of the most sexually explicit passages of Leaves of Grass" play off the Song of Songs and are Whitman's reaction "against the allegorical interpretation" of the Canticles; connects passages from "Song of Myself" to Song of Songs, including "cunningly disguised" passages like that about the "timorous pond- snipe," where "the word hidden beneath snipe is penis."]

Murray, Martin G. "A Brother's Love." Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 10 (Spring 1993), 209-212. [Presents a medical certificate requesting an extension for George Washington Whitman's leave of absence in 1865 that is believed to have been written in part by Whitman.]

Murray, Martin. "Walking with Whitman." Washington Blade (March 5, 1993), 47-51. [Narrates a walking tour of Whitman-related landmarks in Washington, D.C.]

Murray, Martin. "Bunkum Did Go Sogering." Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 10 (Winter 1993), 142-148. [Provides documentary evidence that Walt Whitman's brother, Andrew Jackson Whitman, served in the Union army during the Civil War and provides details of his service.]

Myerson, Joel, ed. The Walt Whitman Archive. New York: Garland, 1993. Volume 3: Whitman Manuscripts at the University of Virginia (2 parts). [The third volume of the Garland Whitman archive; this volume contains facsimiles of over 130 manuscripts of Whitman's poems, including the manuscripts for poems first appearing in the 1860 Leaves, all housed in the University of Virginia's Clifton Waller Barrett collection.]

Myerson, Joel, ed. The Walt Whitman Archive: A Facsimile of the Poet's Manuscripts. New York: Garland Publishing, 1993. Part 2: Whitman Manuscripts at Duke University and the Humanities Research Center of the University of Texas. 2 vols. [Part 2 of 3 parts of archive: part 1 contains materials from Library of Congress, and part 3 contains materials from the University of Virginia. This part contains facsimiles of Whitman's corrected proofs for sections of the 1881 Leaves of Grass, manuscripts of unpublished poems, and manuscript notes and outlines for poems; all materials in these two volumes are housed at Duke and Texas.]

Myerson, Joel. Walt Whitman: A Descriptive Bibliography. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1993. [1,097 pages, "limited to writings by Whitman," including "Separate Publications," "Collected Editions," "Miscellaneous Collections," "First Book and Pamphlet Appearances," "First- Appearance Contributions to Magazines and Newspapers," "Proof Copies, Circulars, and Broadsides," "Reprinted Material in Books and Pamphlets," and "Separate Publication of Individual Poems and Prose Works."]

New, Elisa. The Regenerate Lyric: Theology and Innovation in American Poetry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. [Chapter 4, "Crossing Leviticus: Whitman," 95-150, focuses on "The Sleepers" and argues against the "mainstream consensus" of an "Emersonian Whitman": "If 'Song of Myself' is justly called Whitman's Genesis, Emersonian in its drive toward aboriginal beginnings, 'The Sleepers' is his Leviticus and Deuteronomy."]

Newfield, Christopher. "Democracy and Male Homoeroticism." Yale Journal of Criticism 6 (Fall 1993), 29-62. [Asks "How are U.S. democracy and homophobia connected?" and argues that, "In a broad tradition most famously articulated in the United States by Walt Whitman, homoeroticism figures a faith in radical democracy, in a 'brotherly love' in which a fusion of sexual and political identity defeats the competitive hierarchy that mainstream U.S. culture works especially hard to cast as the only viable mode of personal freedom"; section three of the essay, "Whitman's Homotopia: Loving the Masses" (42-46), argues that "For Whitman, the psychology of the crowd is the psychology of adhesion."]

Noll, Bruce. Walt Whitman's Miracles and Other Leaves of Grass Selections. Tucson, AZ, 1993. [Audiotape of Noll reading ten Whitman poems and selections from "Song of Myself."]

Noll, Bruce, ed. Afoot and Lighthearted 2 (Fourth Month 1993). [Newsletter focusing on Noll's performances of Pure Grass, his dramatic interpretation of Leaves of Grass; contains brief unsigned article on Whitman's love of trees (1), and reprints excerpts from Whitman's "Sun-Down Papers," no. 9 (2)].

Oerlemans, Onno. "Whitman and the Erotics of Lyric." American Literature 65 (December 1993), 703-730. [Setting out "to recover to some degree the personal investment of the poet in his writing," this essay contests recent criticism on Whitman by arguing that "what is important and original in Whitman's poetry is its representation not of the process of forming ideology but of resisting such formations," and suggests that "it is in his engagement with lyric that the drama of the self's interaction with the social is acted out" through an "antinarrative poetics."]

Pannapacker, William. "Poetics, Politics, and Self-Promotion: Walt Whitman and Abraham Lincoln." M.A. Thesis, University of Miami, 1993. [Compares Whitman's and Lincoln's evolving strategies "for achieving literary and political success" by moving from a tactic of "splitting their audience into opposing factions" to a tactic of "targeting a broader constituency based on a more inclusive construction [of] political and religious paradigms." MAI 33 (1995), 1397.]

Paro, Maria Clara Bonetti. "Walt Whitman in Brazil." Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 11 (Fall 1993), 57-66. [Traces the history of Whitman's reception in Brazil, discussing his impact as a whole and on specific writers including Tasso da Silveira, Ronald de Carvalho, and Mário de Andrade.]

Pease, Donald. "Walt Whitman's Visionary Democracy." In Jay Parini, ed., The Columbia History of American Poetry (New York: Columbia University Press, 1993), 148-171. [Overview of Whitman's career and work, emphasizing Whitman's "changeable persona" and how "Whitman understood his presence in the poems as indissociable from the United States' ongoing experiment in democracy."]

Pétillon, Pierre-Yves. "Herbier d'automne." Quinzaine Littéraire no. 633 (October 16, 1993), 5-6. [Review of Julien Deleuze, trans., Comme des baies de genévrier (French translation of Specimen Days); in French.]

Ping, Chou. "Walt Whitman: 'Whispers of Heavenly Death Murmur'd I Hear.'" Chicago Review 39 (1993) 299-300. [Poem.]

Pollard, Scott. "Cooper, Details, and the Patriotic Mission of Twin Peaks." Literature/Film Quarterly 21 (1993), 296-304. [Extended comparison of Dale Cooper, the main character in the television series Twin Peaks, "to his most luminous predecessor, Walt Whitman."]

Prettyman III, Charles Gibbons. "The Great Trust: Idealizations of Industry in American Middleclass Literature." Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Irvine, 1993. [One chapter suggests how Democratic Vistas "addresses middleclass fears about mass democracy and national disunity" while calling for "a professionalized modern literature which would use industrial methods to mass-produce spiritual unity." DAI 54 (February 1994), 3034A.]

Rader, Dean. "On Reading Lorca's 'Oda a Walt Whitman.'" Concourse 6 (1993), 33-34. [Suggests that Lorca's poem embodies the poet's "shockingly painful struggle with personal, societal and poetic fissures," and comments on the difficulty of translating the poem; Rader's own translation of the ode follows on pp. 35-38.]

Raven, Arlene. "What Goes Around." Village Voice 38 (December 28, 1993), 59. [Reviews Amy Hauft's "Whitman Raised," an art exhibit at Brooklyn's Cadman Plaza West, featuring fifteen signs hung on Sycamores, each containing words from "Crossing Brooklyn Ferry"; also reviews the mixed-media objects of another "post-Whitman" artist, sculptor Anne Chu.]

Rice, John Robin. ""The Songs of Lee Hoiby." D.M.A Dissertation, University of Cincinnati, 1993. [Studies Hoiby's Whitman song cycle ("I Was There," Op. 49)].

Rich, Adrienne. "Beginners." Kenyon Review 15 (Summer 1993), 12-19. Reprinted in Rich's What Is Found There: Notebooks on Poetry and Politics (New York: Norton, 1993), 90-101. [Contends that Whitman and Emily Dickinson "were a strange, uncoupled couple, moving together in a dialectic that the twentieth century has only begun to decipher," and that, though "they seem to act out precisely the chartered roles, the constructions of white, middle class masculinity and femininity that suited the times," they were in fact "a wild woman and a wild man, writing their wild carnal and ecstatic thoughts, self-censoring and censored, as the empire of the United States pushed into the Far West, Mexico, the Caribbean"; also views Muriel Rukeyser as a poet who "assumes the scope of her own living to be at least as large as Whitman's."]

Rietz, John. "A Sense of the Past: Memory and History in Whitman's Poetry and Prose." Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Michigan, 1993. [Examines the course of development of "Whitman's conception of history" from the 1855 edition of Leaves through his Civil War poetry and prose; DAI 54 (July 1993), 180A.]

Rosenthal, Bernard. "Whitman and Slavery." Concourse 6 (1993), 17-24. [Uses Whitman's newspaper pieces to argue that "Whitman, the bard of unity, preached the message of separation," and, faced with the tension between his "poetic vision" and "political vision," simply "let the discrepancy ride."]

Sánchez-Eppler, Karen. Touching Liberty: Abolition, Feminism, and the Politics of the Body. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993. [Chapter 2, "To Stand Between: Walt Whitman's Poetics of Merger and Embodiment," 50-82, analyzes how Whitman's "singing of the body" is "a practice derived from the dynamics of American slavery"; reprinted from ELH 56 (Winter 1989).]

Schneider, Bart. "Crossing the Alley." Hungry Mind Review (Spring 1993), 46. [Briefly discusses Philip Callow's From Noon to Starry Night, Sam Abrams's Neglected Walt Whitman, and the events of the Whitman Centennial.]

Shurr, William H. "Walt Whitman, Columbus, and Late Nineteenth Century Apocalypticisim." Letterature d'America [Rome] 1993?

Skolnick, Vic. Review of John Kent Harrison, director, Beautiful Dreamers. Starting from Paumanok 8 (Winter 1993), 3-4.

Stansell, Christine. "Whitman at Pfaff's: Commercial Culture, Literary Life and New York Bohemia at Mid-Century." Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 10 (Winter 1993), 107-126. [Provides a rich historical context for understanding the years from 1859-1862 when Whitman spent time at Pfaff's, a basement saloon in central Manhattan; explores the idea of Bohemianism in relation to Whitman and describes the role it played in Whitman's development.]

Stone, Ruth. "Flash." Concourse 6 (1993), 47. [Poem about a "poetry factory . . . canning W.W. type/ good gray poems."]

Stonum, Gary Lee. "Whitman and Dickinson." In David J. Nordloh, ed., American Literary Scholarship: An Annual 1991 (Durham: Duke University Press, 1993), 73-85. [Reviews Whitman scholarship appearing in 1991 (73-80)].

Strassburg, Robert, ed. The Walt Whitman Circle 2 (Summer 1993). [Newsletter of the Leisure World Walt Whitman Circle, containing news of Circle activities, along with short notes by Strassburg on Whitman and music (1), Whitman and health (2), Whitman and teaching (2), and a report on William L. Moore's 1993 Whitman lecture and performance tour throughout Europe (3).]

Strassburg, Robert, ed. The Walt Whitman Circle 1 (Winter 1993). [Newsletter of the Leisure Walt Whitman Circle.]

Strassburg, Robert, ed. The Walt Whitman Circle 2 (Spring 1993). [Newsletter of the Leisure World Walt Whitman Circle, containing news of circle activities, news of international Whitman activities and publications, and brief notes by Strassburg on Whitman's Specimen Days and on Whitman's "passion for opera."]

Strassburg, Robert, ed. The Walt Whitman Circle 2 (Fall 1993); 3 (Winter 1994). [Newsletter of the Leisure World Walt Whitman Circle, with news of Whitman-related events: the fall issue has a special feature on "Walt Whitman and Women," including excerpts from Whitman's poetry (1); "Six Women in Whitman's Life" (1), with brief comments on his mother, his two sisters, Fanny Fern, Mary [sic] Gilchrist, and Ellen O'Connor; and "Walt Whitman and Women Composers" (2), listing eleven female composers of music based on Whitman's poetry; the winter issue has brief pieces on "Walt Whitman and Religion" (1), "Walt Whitman's Bible" (1), and "Walt Whitman and God" (2).]

Szczesiul, Anthony. "The Maturing Vision of Walt Whitman's 1871 Version of Drum-Taps." Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 10 (Winter 1993), 127-141. [Examines the 1871 "Drum-Taps" cluster on its own terms and in relation to other editions, arguing that "the drastic reorganization of the poems into a narrative pattern indicates Whitman's shifting attitude toward the war as it receded from his day-to-day life into the historic past."]

Thomas, M. Wynn. Review of James Dougherty, Walt Whitman and the Citizen's Eye. Nineteenth-Century Literature 48 (December 1993), 373-376.

Thym, Jürgen. "The Enigma of Kurt Weill's Whitman Songs." In Kim H. Kowalke and Horst Edler, eds., A Stranger Here Myself: Kurt Weill-Studien (Hildesheim and New York: Georg Olms, 1993), 285-296. [Argues that Weill's Whitman Songs ("Beat! Beat! Drums!," "O Captain! My Captain!," "Come Up from the Fields, Father," and "Dirge for Two Veterans"), though sometimes viewed simply as "morale-boosting productions of Fight for Freedom, Inc.," composed to support the American war effort, are in fact "too serious in tone and too weighty in their compositional settings to be absorbed fully into the sphere of propaganda music," and the cycle of songs thus "releases its full potential and meaning" only from a post-war perspective.]

Toliver, Brooks. "Leaves of Grass in Claude Debussy's Prose." Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 11 (Fall 1993), 67-81. [Tracks Whitman's previously unacknowledged influence on composer Claude Debussy and proposes that "Debussy could not have avoided knowledge of Whitman had he tried, and his well-known nature aesthetic owes some--though by no means all--of its inspiration to that poet."]

Tufariello, Catherine Jean. "Language Experiments: Whitman, Dickinson, and the Poetics of Allusion." Ph.D. Dissertation, Cornell University, 1993. [First two chapters deal with Whitman's "distinctive modes of allusion," including "the conventionally prosaic technique of paraphrase" ("one of Whitman's signature tropes") and "his revisions of his literary 'foregoers,' particularly Emerson," revisions that "inflect his eroticized wrestling matches with his implicitly male readers." DAI 54 (June 1994), 4444A.]

Vernon, John. [Out-take from Peter Doyle.] Concourse 6 (1993), 11-16. [A previously unpublished scene from Vernon's 1991 novel, taking place in Greeley, Colorado, and involving an encounter between Whitman and a "garrulous wallpaper salesman"; includes a fictional letter from Whitman to Emily Dickinson.]

Wang Lu. "Looking into Walt Whitman's Thought of Democracy." Liaocheng Shifan Xueyuan Xuebao [Journal of Liaocheng Teachers' College (Philosophy and Social Sciences Editions)] no. 3 (1993), 115-118. [Considers Whitman's democratic thoughts as embodied in his poetry; in Chinese.]

Warren, James Perrin. Review of Tenney Nathanson, Whitman's Presence. Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 11 (Summer 1993), 35-37.

Whitman, Walt. Comme des baies de gen‚vrier--Feuilles de carnets. Trans. Julien Deleuze; introduction by Philippe Jaworski. Paris: Mercure de France, 1993. [French translation of extracts from Specimen Days.]

Whitman, Walt. Leaves of Grass and Selected Prose. Rutland VT: Charles E. Tuttle, 1993. [New printing of Everyman's Library Edition of Whitman's work, with new introduction (xix-xxix), chronology (xxx-xxxi), and suggestions for further reading (xxxii xxxiii), all by Ellman Crasnow.]

Whitman, Walt. Leaves of Grass: The "Death-bed" Edition. New York: Modern Library, 1993. [With unsigned new biographical note, v vii.]

Whitman, Walt. Song of Myself. Ed. Stephen Mitchell. Boston: Shambhala, 1993. [Miniature pocket edition of Whitman's poem, offered in a "conflated version," using the 1855 "Song" as the base text, but adopting "any revision that seemed to be even a minor improvement."]

Whitman, Walt. The Walt Whitman Reader: Selections from Leaves of Grass. Philadelphia: Courage Books/Running Press, 1993. [Selection of poems from Deathbed edition of Leaves; reprints parts of two essays on Whitman by T.S. Eliot ("Observations on Walt Whitman," 307-308) and D.H. Lawrence (from Studies in Classic American Literature, 304-320); unsigned introduction (3-4).]

Whittington-Egan, Richard. "The Calamitic Blade." Contemporary Review 263 (October 1993), 220-221. [Review of Philip Callow, From Noon to Starry Night.]

Will, Frederic. Singing with Walt Whitman's Thrush: Itineraries of the Aesthetic. Lewiston, ME: Edwin Mellen, 1993. ["Singing with Whitman's Thrush," 40-57, a reading of the thrush's song in "When Lilacs Last in the Door-yard Bloom'd," originally appeared in Delta (May 1983).]

Wolfson, Leandro. "Walt Whitman entre Orient y Occidente." Ecologia y Unidad Mudial [Buenos Aires] 1 (March/April 1993), 8-9. [Whitman as a bridge between East and West; in Spanish.]

Wrobel, Arthur. Review of Donald Kummings, ed., Approaches to Teaching "Leaves of Grass." ANQ 6 (April 1993), 170-171.

Xu Guanglian. "Leaves of Grass and Its Influence in China." Waiguo Wenxue Yanjiu [Foreign Literature Studies] (1993), no. 3, 98-103, 107. [Studies the history of Chinese translations of Leaves and Whitman's influence on his Chinese audience; in Chinese.]

Zancu, Liliana. "Burns, Eminescu, and Whitman: Romantic Nationalism or Xenophobia?" History of European Ideas 16 (January 1993), 351-357. [Suggests that "Whitman went farther than other romantic poets in achieving a global perspective."]

Zhang Hezhen. "The Dualism of Whitman's 'Soul and Flesh.'" Hangzhou Shifan Xueyuan Xuebao [Journal of Hangzhou Teachers College] (1993), no. 5, 26-28. [Studies Whitman's dual poetic voice deriving from the body and the soul; in Chinese.]

Zhao Youbing. "Walt Whitman and Abraham Lincoln." Sichuan Waiyu Xueyuan Xuebao [Journal of Sichuan International Studies University] (1993), no. 3, 44-49. [Traces the similarities in background and ideology of Whitman and Lincoln; in Chinese.]

Zi Yan. "Impressionist Techniques in the Poetry of Walt Whitman." Dangdai Dianying [Contemporary Cinema Bimonthly] (1993), no. 4, 89-95. [Comparative study of Whitman's poetry and impressionist painting; in Chinese.]

Unsigned. Conversations (Spring 1993). [Newsletter of Walt Whitman Association, Camden NJ; contains news of WWA activities and one article, listed separately in this bibliography.] Unsigned. "The Great American Poet on the Great American Statesman." Rare Americana. New Haven: William Reese Co., n.d. Catalogue 120, item 74. [Describes Whitman's autograph manuscript of his "Death of Abraham Lincoln" lecture, dated February 1879; 17 leaves, "heavily worked and corrected," with attached newspaper and book clippings and portraits of Whitman and Lincoln; to be sold.]

Unsigned. Walt Whitman / Interview with the Author of "Leaves of Grass" / How he Commenced to Write and the Way his Works were Received / His War Experience and the Book he Wrote About it / What he Thinks of Himself and Several Other Authors / His Appearance and a Sketch of his Life / A Long Visit to Canada. Toronto: Letters, 1993. [Pamphlet reprinting London (Ontario) Free Press interview with Whitman, originally published June 5, 1880; limited edition of 113 copies, with woodcut by James Flora.]

Unsigned. Brief review of James Dougherty, Walt Whitman and the Citizen's Eye. Reference and Research Book News 8 (June 1993), 41.

Unsigned. Brief review of Ron Padgett, ed., Teachers & Writers Guide to Walt Whitman. Book Report 11 (January/February 1993), 57.

Unsigned. Brief review of M. Jimmie Killingsworth, The Growth of "Leaves of Grass." American Literature 65 (December 1993), 835.

Unsigned. Brief review of Joel Myerson, Walt Whitman: A Descriptive Bibliography. A.B. Bookman's Weekly (November 22, 1993), 2136.

Unsigned. Brief review of Tenney Nathanson, Whitman's Presence. Reference and Research Book News 8 (March 1993), 36.

Unsigned. Brief review of Michael Moon, Disseminating Whitman. Lambda Book Report 3 (May 1993), 43.