113:189 Zooarchaeology Fall 2003
TTh 1:05-2:20
117 MH
Professor James G. Enloe 217 Macbride Hall 335-0514 james-enloe@iowa.edu
Office
Hours: Tuesday
Thursday
Friday
The focus
of this course is the use of faunal material in the interpretation of
archaeological remains. We will cover skeletal anatomy and identification,
taphonomy, determination of population parameters such as age and sex,
seasonality, quantification and sampling, recognition of breakage and cutmarks,
and interpretations by such means as ethnoarchaeology.
This
course involves a great amount of reading in addition to the lecture
presentations. You are responsible for all of the material. Lectures
will be presented on Tuesdays and discussion and lab work will take place on
Thursdays. Several homework exercises will be assigned and graded through the
course of the semester. Each student will write at least one brief (5 pages)
essay during the semester, analyzing the readings for a given week, and will
help lead discussion on those topics. Each student will also write one research
term paper, discussing a major published faunal analysis of vertebrates from
archaeological sites from any part of the world. The paper will be a critique
of the faunal analysis, including a brief description of the goals of the
analysis, the methods used and the results obtained. You should discuss any
weakness of the analysis, and try to derive additional information from the
data. The paper should be 15-20 pages long, with full bibliographic citation.
You must decide on and have approval of the topic by the end of October. Each
student will give a 15 minute seminar presentation on their analysis, to be
scheduled during the last week of the class, Dec 8 and 10. The final paper is
due at the beginning of the final exam on Monday, Dec 14, at
Evaluation
and grades will be based on attendance and participation in the
lectures, discussion seminars and lab sessions, the homework assignements and
on quality of the first essay, seminar presentation and final paper.
Lecture Topics and
Week 1: Aug
25, 27: International Council on ArchaeoZoology (ICAZ) meetings, no classes.
Week 2: Sept 1, 3: Identification
Olsen 1964
Gilbert 1980:1-6, 31-61.
Klein and Cruz-Uribe 1984:1-23.
Week 3: Sept 8, 10: Environmental Reconstruction
and Taphonomy
Butzer 1971:142-154.
Gifford 1981:365-438.
Lyman 1994:1-40.
Week 4: Sept
15, 17 : Taphonomy: Geological and Carnivore Transport
Behrensmeyer and Boaz 1980:72-92.
Hill 1980:131-152.
Hanson 1980:156-181.
Stiner 1991a:455-482.
Week 5: Sept
22, 24: Taphonomy: Carnivore Modification
Brain 1980:107-130.
Binford 1981:35-86.
Marean and Spencer 1991:645-658.
Blumenshine, Marean and Capaldo 1996:493-507.
Week 6: Sept
29, Oct 1: Taphonomy: Bone Survival
Binford and Bertram 1977:77-153.
Lyman 1993:324-341.
Week 7: Oct
6, 8: Quantification: Taxonmic diversity
Klein and Cruz-Uribe 1984:24-38.
Grayson 1984:16-91.
Schmitt and Lupo 1995:496-514.
Week 8: Oct
13, 15: Quantification: Skeletal Part Frequency
Binford 1978:15-45.
Lyman 1985:221-236.
Metcalf and Jones 1988:486-504.
Speth and Spielmann 1983:1-31.
Marean and Frey 1997:698-711.
Week 9: Oct
20, 22: Age and Sex: Calculation
Klein and Cruz-Uribe 1984:39-99.
Grant 1982:91-108.
Stallibras 1982:109-126.
Klein, Allwarden and Wolf 1983:47-57.
Gifford-Gonzalez 1991a:41-78.
Week 10: Oct
27, 29: Age and Sex: Interpretation
Klein 1978:195-217.
Stiner 1990:305-351.
Enloe 1998
Week 11: Nov
3, 5: Seasonality
Todd 1991:215-238.
Enloe and David 1995:47-63.
Speth 1983:70-117.
Week 12: Nov
10, 12: Bone Transport by Humans: Ethnoarchaeology
Perkins and Daly 1968:97-106.
O'Connell, Hawkes and Blurton Jones 1988:113-161.
Bunn 1993:156-168.
Week 13: Nov
17, 19: Human Modification of Bones: Butchering and Cutmarks
Bonnichsen and Will 1980:7-30.
Binford 1981:87-181.
Frison 1974:34-57.
Week 14: Nov
24: Butchering: Spatial Patterning
Yellen 1977:271-331.
Binford 1984:235-257.
Enloe, David and Hare 1994:105-124
Nov 26: Thanksgiving holiday, no class. Week
15: Dec 1, 3: Interpretation and Reasoning
Binford 1977:1-10.
Binford 1981:1-30.
Gifford-Gonzalez 1991b:215-254.
Gifford-Gonzalez 1993:181-199.
Hockett 1998:289-302
Week 16: Dec
8, 10: Student presentations.
Week 17 Exam
Week Papers due Monday,
Dec 14, noon.
Readings
Behrensmeyer, Anna K., and Dorothy E. Dechant Boaz
1980 The
recent bones of Amboseli National Park, Kenya, in relation to East African
paleoecology. In: Behrensmeyer and Hill, eds., Fossils in the Making:
Vertebrate Taphonomy and Paleoecology, pp. 72-92. University of Chicago
Press, Chicago.
Behrensmeyer, Anna K., and Andrew P. Hill, eds.
1980 Fossils
in the Making: Vertebrate Taphonomy and Paleoecology. University
of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Binford, Lewis R.
1977 General
introduction. In: L.R. Binford, ed., For Theory Building in Archaeology:
Essays on Faunal Remains, Aquatic Resources, Spatial Analysis, and Systemic
Modeling, pp. 1-10. Academic Press, New York.
Binford, Lewis R.
1978 Nunamiut
Ethnoarchaeology. Academic Press, New York.
Binford, Lewis R.
1981 Bones:
Ancient Men and Modern Myths. Academic Press, New York.
Binford, Lewis R.
1984 Butchering,
sharing and the archaeological record. Journal of Anthropological
Archaeology 3:235-257.
Binford, Lewis R., and Jack B. Bertram
1977 Bone
frequencies - and attritional processes. In: L.R. Binford, ed., For
Theory Building in Archaeology: Essays on Faunal Remains, Aquatic
Resources, Spatial Analysis, and Systemic Modeling, pp. 77-153. Academic
Press, New York.
Blumenschine, Robert J., Curtis W. Marean and
Salvatore D. Capaldo
1996 Blind
tests of inter-analyst correspondence and accuracy in the identification of cut
marks, percussion marks and carnivore tooth marks on bone surfaces. Journal
of Archaeological Science 23:493-507.
Bonnichsen, Robson, and Richard T. Will
1980 Cultural
modification of bone: the experimental approach in faunal analysis. In:
Gilbert, Mammalian Osteology, pp. 7-30. B. Miles Gilbert,
Laramie.
Brain, C.K.
1980 Some
criteria for the recognition of bone-collection agencies in African caves. In: Behrensmeyer and Hill, eds., Fossils
in the Making: Vertebrate Taphonomy and Paleoecology, pp.
108-130. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Bunn, Henry T.
1993 Bone
assemblages at base camps: a further consideration of carcass transport and
bone destruction by the Hadza. In: Hudson, ed., From Bones to Behavior:
Ethnoarchaeological and Experimental Contributions to the Interpretation of
Faunal Remains, pp. 156-168. Center for Archaeological Investigations,
Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, Occasional Paper No. 21.
Butzer, Karl W.
1971 Environment
and Archeology: An Ecological Approach to Prehistory. Chapter 9.
Mammalian and human distributions, pp. 142-154. Aldine Publishing, Chicago.
Enloe, James G.
1998 Seasonality
and age structure in remains of Rangifer tarandus: Magdalenian hunting
strategy at Verberie. Anthropozoologica 23.
Enloe, James G., and Francine David
1995 Rangifer
herd behaviour: Seasonality of hunting in the Magdalenian of the Paris Basin.
In: Jackson and Thacker, eds., Caribou and Reindeer Hunters of the
Northern Hemisphere, pp. 47-63. Avebury Press.
Enloe, J.G., F. David and T.S. Hare
1994 Patterns
of faunal processing at Section 27 of Pincevent: The use of spatial analysis
and ethnoarchaeological data in the interpretation of archaeological site
structure. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 13:105-124.
Frison, George
1974 The
Casper Site: a Hell Gap Bison Kill on the High Plains. Academic Press,
New York.
Gifford, Diane P.
1981 Taphonomy
and paleoecology: a critical review of archaeology's sister disciplines. In:
Schiffer, ed., Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory 4:365-438.
Gifford-Gonzalez, Diane
1991a Examining
and refining the quadratic crown height method of age estimation. In: Stiner,
ed., Human Predators and Prey Mortality, pp. 41-78. Westview
Press, Boulder.
Gifford-Gonzalez, Diane
1991b Bones are
not enough: Analogues, knowledge, and interpretive strategies in
zooarchaeology. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 10:215-254.
Gifford-Gonzalez, Diane
1993 Gaps in
the zooarchaeological analyses of butchery: Is gender an issue? In: Hudson, ed., From Bones to Behavior:
Ethnoarchaeological and Experimental Contributions to the Interpretation of
Faunal Remains, pp. 181-199. Center for Archaeological Investigations,
Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, Occasional Paper No. 21.
Gilbert, B. Miles
1980 Mammalian
Osteology. B. Miles Gilbert, Laramie.
Grant, Annie
1982 The use
of tooth wear as a guide to the age of domestic animals. In: Wilson, Grigson
and Payne, eds., Ageing and Sexing Animal Bones from Archaeological Sites,
pp. 91-108. BAR British Series 109.
Grayson, Donald K.
1984 Quantitative
Zooarchaeology: Topics in the Analysis of Archaeological Faunas.
Academic Press, Orlando.
Hanson, C. Bruce
1980 Fluvial
taphonomic processes: Models and experiments. In: Behrensmeyer and Hill, eds., Fossils
in the Making: Vertebrate Taphonomy and Paleoecology, pp.
156-181. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Hill, Andrew P.
1980 Early
Postmortem damage to the remains of some contemporary East African
Mammals. In: Behrensmeyer and Hill,
eds., Fossils in the Making: Vertebrate Taphonomy and
Paleoecology, pp. 131-152. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Hockett, Bryan S.
1998 Sociopolitical
meaning of faunal remains from Baker Village. American Antiquity 63(2):289-
302.
Hudson, Jean, ed.
1993 From
Bones to Behavior: Ethnoarchaeological and Experimental
Contributions to the Interpretation of Faunal Remains. Center for
Archaeological Investigations, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale,
Occasional Paper No. 21.
Klein, Richard G.
1978 Stone Age
predation on large African bovids. Journal of Archaeological Science
5:195-217.
Klein, Richard G., Kathryn Allwarden and Cornelia Wolf
1983 The
calculation and interpretation of ungulate age profiles from dental crown
heights. In: Bailey, ed., Hunter-gatherer Economy in Prehistory:
a European Perspective, pp. 151-158. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Klein, Richard G., and Kathryn Cruz-Uribe
1984 The
Analysis of Animal Bones from Archeological Sites. University of
Chicago Press, Chicago.
Lyman, R. Lee
1985 Bone
frequencies, differential transport, in situ destruction, and the MGUI. Journal
of Archaeological Science 12:221-236.
Lyman, R. Lee
1993 Density-mediated
attrition of bone assemblages: New insights. In: Hudson, ed., From Bones
to Behavior: Ethnoarchaeological and Experimental Contributions to
the Interpretation of Faunal Remains, pp. 324-341. Center for
Archaeological Investigations, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale,
Occasional Paper No. 21.
Lyman, R. Lee
1994 Vertebrate
Taphonomy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Maurean, Curtis W., and Lillian M. Spencer
1991 Impact of
carnivore ravaging on zooarchaeological measure of element abundance. American
Antiquity 56:645-658.
Marean, Curtis W., and Carol J. Frey
1997 Animal bones
from caves to cities: Reverse utility curves as methodological artifacts. American
Antiquity 62(4):698-711.
Metcalf, Duncan, and Kevin T. Jones
1988 A
reconsideration of animal body-part utility indices. American Antiquity
53(3):486-504.
O'Connell, James C., Kristen Hawkes and Nicholas
Blurton Jones
1988 Hadza
huntin, butchering and bone transport and their archaeological implications. Journal
of Anthropological Research 44(2):113-161.
Olsen, Stanley J.
1964 Mammal
Remains from Archaeological Sites Part 1 - Southeastern and
Southwestern United States. Papers of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and
Ethnology, Harvard University, Cambridge. Volume 56, Number 1.
Perkins, Dexter, and Patricia Daly
1968 A
hunters' village in Neolithic Turkey. Scientific American 217
(November):97-106.
Schmitt, David N., and Karen D. Lupo
1995 On
mammalian taphonomy, taxonomic diversity, and measuring subsistence data in
zooarchaeology. American Antiquity 60(3):496-514.
Speth, John D.
1983 Bison
Kills and Bone Counts: Decision Making by Ancient Hunters.
University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Speth, John D., and Katherine A. Spielmann
1983 Energy
source, protein metabolism and hunter-gatherer subsistence strategies. Journal
of Anthropological Archaeology 2:1-31.
Stallibrass, Sue
1982 The use
of cement layers for absolute ageing of mammalian teeth: a selective review of
the literature, with suggestions for further studies and alternative
applications. In: Wilson, Grigson and Payne, eds., Ageing and Sexing
Animal Bones from Archaeological Sites, pp. 109-126. BAR British Series
109.
Stiner, Mary C.
1990 The use
of mortality patterns in archaeological studies of hominid predatory
adaptations. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 9:305-351.
Stiner, Mary C.
1991a Food procurement
and transport by human and non-human predators. Journal of Archaeological
Science 18:455-482.
Stiner, Mary C., ed.
1991b Human
Predators & Prey Mortality. Westview Press, Boulder.
Todd, Lawrence C.
1991 Seasonality
studies and Paleoindian subsistence strategies. In: Stiner, ed., Human
Predators and Prey Mortality, pp. 217-238. Westview Press, Boulder.
Yellen, John E.
1977 Cultural
patterning in Faunal Remains: Evidence from the !Kung Bushmen. In: Ingersoll
and Yellen, eds., Experimental Archaeology, pp. 271-331. Columbia
University Press, New York.